October 2, 2012 u vol. 109 u no. 40 u 15967–16394 Cover image: Pictured are hair-like structures known as trichomes on a tomato leaf. Trichomes coat the surfaces of many plants and produce a variety of specialized chemicals, some of which help protect plants from insects and herbivores. Anthony L. Schilmiller et al. identified an enzyme expressed in the tip cell of long trichomes that participates in the synthesis of protective acyl sugars secreted to the surface of tomato plants. According to the authors, the findings could help researchers develop pest-resistant plants. See the article by Schilmiller et al. on pages 16377–16382. Image courtesy of Anthony L. Schilmiller. From the Cover 16377 Sugar synthesis in tomato trichomes 15980 Long-term effects of cannabis 16113 Regulation of microtubule dynamics 16184 Dissecting a rat insulin pathway 16213 Census of deep seabed microbes Contents QNAS 15969 QnAs with Subra Suresh Prashant Nair THIS WEEK IN PNAS 15967 In This Issue COMMENTARIES 15970 Long-term effects of adolescent-onset and persistent LETTERS (ONLINE ONLY) use of cannabis Raul Gonzalez and James M. Swanson See companion article on pages E2657 and 15980 E2645 India-Asia collision timing Jonathan C. Aitchison and Jason R. Ali 15972 Complications dawn for kinetochore regulation by Aurora Natalie J. Nannas and Andrew W. Murray E2646 Reply to Aitchison and Ali: Reconciling Himalayan See companion article on page 16113 ophiolite and Asian magmatic arc records with a two-stage India-Asia collision model 15974 Distinct mTORC1 pathways for transcription and Douwe J. J. van Hinsbergen, Peter C. Lippert, Guillaume cleavage of SREBP-1c Dupont-Nivet, Nadine McQuarrie, Pavel V. Doubrovine, William J. Quinn III and Morris J. Birnbaum Wim Spakman, and Trond H. Torsvik See companion article on page 16184 E2647 Location of natural oil seep and chemical fingerprinting 15976 Shrinking majority of the deep biosphere suggest alternative explanation for deep sea Bo Barker Jørgensen coral observations See companion article on page 16213 Paul D. Boehm and Peter D. Carragher E2648 Reply to Boehm and Carragher: Multiple lines of PNAS PLUS (AUTHOR SUMMARIES) evidence link deep-water coral damage to Deepwater Horizon oil spill PHYSICAL SCIENCES Helen K. White, Pen-Yuan Hsing, Walter Cho, Timothy M. Shank, Erik E. Cordes, Andrea M. Quattrini, Robert K. APPLIED PHYSICAL SCIENCES Nelson, Richard Camilli, Amanda W. J. Demopoulos, Christopher R. German, James M. Brooks, Harry H. Roberts, 15978 Physical manipulation of the Escherichia coli William Shedd, Christopher M. Reddy, and Charles R. Fisher chromosome reveals its soft nature James Pelletier, Ken Halvorsen, Bae-Yeun Ha, Raffaella Paparcone, Steven J. Sandler, Conrad L. Woldringh, Wesley P. Wong, and Suckjoon Jun Free online through the PNAS open access option. See full research article on page E2649 of www.pnas.org PNAS u October 2, 2012 u vol. 109 u no. 40 u iii–ix Downloaded by guest on September 30, 2021 SOCIAL SCIENCES MEDICAL SCIENCES 15991 Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-dependent expression of PSYCHOLOGICAL AND COGNITIVE SCIENCES platelet-derived growth factor B promotes lymphatic 15980 Persistent cannabis users show neuropsychological metastasis of hypoxic breast cancer cells decline from childhood to midlife Luana Schito, Sergio Rey, Marco Tafani, Huafeng Zhang, Madeline H. Meier, Avshalom Caspi, Antony Ambler, Carmen Chak-Lui Wong, Andrea Russo, Matteo A. Russo, HonaLee Harrington, Renate Houts, Richard S. E. Keefe, and Gregg L. Semenza Kay McDonald, Aimee Ward, Richie Poulton, See full research article on page E2707 of www.pnas.org and Terrie E. Moffitt See full research article on page E2657 of www.pnas.org See Commentary on page 15970 NEUROSCIENCE 15993 Cannabinoid receptor 1-expressing neurons in the nucleus accumbens BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Bradley D. Winters, Juliane M. Krüger, Xiaojie Huang, Zachary R. Gallaher, Masago Ishikawa, Krzysztof Czaja, APPLIED BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES James M. Krueger, Yanhua H. Huang, Oliver M. Schlüter, 15981 Phenotype-based high-content chemical library and Yan Dong screening identifies statins as inhibitors of See full research article on page E2717 of www.pnas.org in vivo lymphangiogenesis Martin Michael Peter Schulz, Felix Reisen, Silvana Zgraggen, 15994 Frequency-invariant temporal ordering of interneuronal Stephanie Fischer, Don Yuen, Gyeong Jin Kang, Lu Chen, discharges during hippocampal oscillations in Gisbert Schneider, and Michael Detmar awake mice See full research article on page E2665 of www.pnas.org Csaba Varga, Peyman Golshani, and Ivan Soltesz See full research article on page E2726 of www.pnas.org BIOPHYSICS AND COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY 15978 Physical manipulation of the Escherichia coli chromosome reveals its soft nature PERSPECTIVE James Pelletier, Ken Halvorsen, Bae-Yeun Ha, Raffaella Paparcone, Steven J. Sandler, Conrad L. Woldringh, 15996 Microbial oceanography of anoxic oxygen Wesley P. Wong, and Suckjoon Jun minimum zones See full research article on page E2649 of www.pnas.org Osvaldo Ulloa, Donald E. Canfield, Edward F. DeLong, 15983 Conformational state of the MscS mechanosensitive Ricardo M. Letelier, and Frank J. Stewart channel in solution revealed by pulsed electron–electron double resonance (PELDOR) spectroscopy Christos Pliotas, Richard Ward, Emma Branigan, Akiko Rasmussen, Gregor Hagelueken, Hexian Huang, INAUGURAL ARTICLE Susan S. Black, Ian R. Booth, Olav Schiemann, and James H. Naismith 16004 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug sensitizes See full research article on page E2675 of www.pnas.org Mycobacterium tuberculosis to endogenous and exogenous antimicrobials Ben Gold, Maneesh Pingle, Steven J. Brickner, Nilesh EVOLUTION Shah, Julia Roberts, Mark Rundell, W. Clay Bracken, 15985 Sex, prions, and plasmids in yeast Thulasi Warrier, Selin Somersan, Aditya Venugopal, Amy C. Kelly, Frank P. Shewmaker, Dmitry Kryndushkin, Crystal Darby, Xiuju Jiang, J. David Warren, Joseph and Reed B. Wickner Fernandez, Ouathek Ouerfelli, Eric L. Nuermberger, See full research article on page E2683 of www.pnas.org Amy Cunningham-Bussel, Poonam Rath, Tamutenda Chidawanyika, Haiteng Deng, Ronald Realubit, J. Fraser Glickman, and Carl F. Nathan GENETICS 15987 Small RNA binding site multiplicity involved in translational regulation of a polycistronic mRNA PHYSICAL SCIENCES Jennifer B. Rice, Divya Balasubramanian, and Carin K. Vanderpool See full research article on page E2691 of www.pnas.org APPLIED MATHEMATICS 16012 Resolving a paradox of anomalous scalings in the diffusion of granular materials IMMUNOLOGY Ivan C. Christov and Howard A. Stone 15989 Critical role of the IgM Fc receptor in IgM homeostasis, B-cell survival, and humoral immune responses Rika Ouchida, Hiromi Mori, Koji Hase, Hiroyuki Takatsu, APPLIED PHYSICAL SCIENCES Tomohiro Kurosaki, Takeshi Tokuhisa, Hiroshi Ohno, 16018 High-throughput lensfree 3D tracking of human sperms and Ji-Yang Wang reveals rare statistics of helical trajectories See full research article on page E2699 of www.pnas.org Ting-Wei Su, Liang Xue, and Aydogan Ozcan iv u www.pnas.org Downloaded by guest on September 30, 2021 16023 Multi-scale kinetics of a field-directed colloidal STATISTICS phase transition 16161 Statistical inference of the generation probability of James W. Swan, Paula A. Vasquez, Peggy A. Whitson, T-cell receptors from sequence repertoires E. Michael Fincke, Koichi Wakata, Sandra H. Magnus, Frank Anand Murugan, Thierry Mora, Aleksandra M. Walczak, De Winne, Michael R. Barratt, Juan H. Agui, Robert D. Green, and Curtis G. Callan, Jr. Nancy R. Hall, Donna Y. Bohman, Charles T. Bunnell, Alice P. Gast, and Eric M. Furst 16029 Role of isostaticity and load-bearing microstructure in the elasticity of yielded colloidal gels SOCIAL SCIENCES Lilian C. Hsiao, Richmond S. Newman, Sharon C. Glotzer, and Michael J. Solomon PSYCHOLOGICAL AND COGNITIVE SCIENCES 16318 Altered fear learning across development in both mouse CHEMISTRY and human 16035 Alternating electron and proton transfer steps in Siobhan S. Pattwell, Stéphanie Duhoux, Catherine A. photosynthetic water oxidation Hartley, David C. Johnson, Deqiang Jing, Mark D. Elliott, André Klauss, Michael Haumann, and Holger Dau Erika J. Ruberry, Alisa Powers, Natasha Mehta, Rui R. Yang, Fatima Soliman, Charles E. Glatt, B. J. Casey, Ipe Ninan, 16041 Gene expression changes in a tumor xenograft by and Francis S. Lee a pyrrole-imidazole polyamide Jevgenij A. Raskatov, Nicholas G. Nickols, Amanda E. 16389 New Caledonian crows reason about hidden Hargrove, Georgi K. Marinov, Barbara Wold, causal agents and Peter B. Dervan Alex H. Taylor, Rachael Miller, and Russell D. Gray 16046 Unprecedented hydroxyl radical-dependent two-step chemiluminescence production by polyhalogenated SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE quinoid carcinogens and H2O2 16083 Global forecasts of urban expansion to 2030 and direct Ben-Zhan Zhu, Li Mao, Chun-Hua Huang, Hao Qin, Rui-Mei impacts on biodiversity and carbon pools Fan, Balaraman Kalyanaraman, and Jun-Ge Zhu Karen C. Seto, Burak Güneralp, and Lucy R. Hutyra 16155 Polymer scaling laws of unfolded and intrinsically disordered proteins quantified with single-molecule spectroscopy Hagen Hofmann, Andrea Soranno, Alessandro Borgia, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Klaus Gast, Daniel Nettels, and Benjamin Schuler ANTHROPOLOGY EARTH, ATMOSPHERIC, AND PLANETARY SCIENCES 16089 Late Pleistocene climate change and the global expansion of anatomically modern humans 16052 Dynamics of the last glacial maximum Antarctic ice-sheet Anders Eriksson, Lia Betti, Andrew D. Friend, Stephen J.