CASSAVA DISEASE LIST Name Abbreviation Classification Symptoms Diagnostic Bioassay-host range Distribution Mode of transmission method viruses African cassava ACMV Order: Unassigned Y PCR Manihot esculenta, Throughout Africa and Whitefly (B. tabaci ), infected mosaic virus1,2,6 Family: Nicotiana benthamiana, adjacent islands cuttings, mechanical, grafting but Geminiviridae Nicotiana clevelandii, not seed Genus: Begomovirus Datura stramonium East African EACMV Order: Unassigned Y PCR Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Whitefly (B. tabaci ), infected cassava mosaic Family: Zimbabwe, Madagascar, cuttings, mechanical, grafting but virus 3,4,5,6 Geminiviridae Nigeria, Cameroon, Ghana, not seed Genus: Begomovirus Guinea, Togo East African EACMCV Order: Unassigned Y PCR Cameroon Whitefly (B. tabaci ), infected cassava mosaic Family: cuttings, mechanical, grafting but Cameroon virus 6 Geminiviridae not seed Genus: Begomovirus East African EACMKV Order: Unassigned Y PCR Kenya Whitefly (B. tabaci ), infected cassava mosaic Family: cuttings, mechanical, grafting but Kenya virus 6 Geminiviridae not seed Genus: Begomovirus East African EACMMV Order: Unassigned Y PCR Malawi Whitefly (B. tabaci ), infected cassava mosaic Family: cuttings, mechanical, grafting but Malawi virus6 Geminiviridae not seed Genus: Begomovirus East African EACMZV Order: Unassigned Y PCR Tanzania Whitefly (B. tabaci ), infected cassava mosaic Family: cuttings, mechanical, grafting but Zanzibar virus6 Geminiviridae not seed Genus: Begomovirus East African EACMZV Order: Unassigned Y PCR Kenya, Congo Republic, Whitefly (B. tabaci ), infected cassava mosaic Family: Democratic Republic of cuttings, mechanical, grafting but virus-UG 7,8,9 Geminiviridae Congo, Rwanda, Sudan, not seed Genus: Begomovirus Tanzania, Uganda Indian cassava ICMV Order: Unassigned Y PCR Datura stramonium, India, Togo28? Whitefly (B. tabaci ), infected mosaic Family: Nicandra physalodes, cuttings, mechanical, grafting but virus 6,10,11,15 Geminiviridae Nicotiana benthamiana, not seed Genus: Begomovirus N. debneyi, N. glutinosa, N. occidentalis, N. rustica, N. sylvestris, N. tabacum (cv. Jaysree) and Petunia × hybrida South African SACMV Order: Unassigned Y PCR S. Africa, Madagascar, Whitefly (B. tabaci ), infected cassava mosaic Family: Zimbabwe cuttings, mechanical, grafting but virus 6,12,13,14 Geminiviridae not seed Genus: Begomovirus Sri Lankan SLCMV Order: Unassigned Y PCR Sri Lanka Whitefly (B. tabaci ), infected cassava mosaic Family: cuttings, mechanical, grafting but virus 6,15 Geminiviridae not seed Genus: Begomovirus Cassava brown CBSV Order: Unassigned Y? PCR Nicotiana benthamiana, Democratic Republic of Whitefly (B. tabaci ), infected streak Family: Potyviridae N. debneyi Congo, Malawi, cuttings, mechanical, grafting but no virus 2,16,17,18 Genus: Ipomovirus Mozambique, Kenya, data on seed transmission Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Zambia Cassava common CsCMV Order: Timovirales Y Gomphrena globosa, Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, Mechanical, grafting, infected mosaic virus2,19 Family: Chenopodium Peru, Taiwan, and the USA cuttings but not seed. No known Alphaflexiviridae amaranticolor, C. murale, (Florida), Cote d'Ivoire vector Genus: Potexvirus C. quinoa, Gossypium (possibly). hirsutum, Manihot esculenta, Ricinus communis, Cassia occidentalis, Datura Cassava green CGMV Order: Picornavirales N? C.t quinoa, i N. Ni clevelandii, ti Solomon Islands Mechanical. Possible transmission mottle virus20 Family: Secoviridae P. vulgaris, C. sativus, R. by nematodes Sub-family: communis, I. batatas. M. Comovirinae Genus: esculenta, Solanum Nepovirus tuberosum, Cassava vein CVMV Order: Unassigned PCR? Manihot esculenta Brazil Mechanical, grafting but not seed or mosaic virus2 Family: pollen Caulimoviridae Genus: Cavemovirus Cassava American CALV Order: Picornavirales N Brazil, Guyana Mechanical. No data on vector or latent virus21 Family: Secoviridae seed transmission Sub-family: Comovirinae Genus: Nepovirus Cassava CCSV Flexiviridae; N Chenopodium spp., Columbia Mechanical. No data on vector or Columbian Potexvirus Nicotiana benthamiana seed transmission symptomless virus 22 Cassava Ivorian CIBV Unclassified N Chenopodiu Chenopodium Cote d'Ivoire Mechanical. No data on vector or bacilliform virus23 m murale amaranticolor, seed transmission (L), C. Chenopodium murale, C. amaranticol quinoa , Gomphrena or (W), C. globosa, Tetragonia quinoa (W). tetragonioides, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana clevelandii, N. rustica, N. tabacum cv. Samsun, Phaseolus vulgaris, Senecio cruentus Cassava virus X 24 CsVX Order: Timovirales N Nicotiana benthamiana Columbia, Venezuela Mechanical. No data on vector or Family: seed transmission Alphaflexiviridae Genus: Potexvirus Cassava virus CsVC Order: Unassigned N? ? Iran Mechanical. No data on vector or C 25,26 Family: Unassigned seed transmission Genus: Ourmiavirus Cassava Frogskin FSV Reoviridae? Y PCR Secundina spp. Brazil, Columbia, Costa Not transmitted mechanically orby virus2 Rica,Panama, Peru, seed. Suspected transmission by Venezuela whitefly B. tuberculata Cassava Congo Sequiviridae; sequivor virus Sequivirus kumi virus A25,26 No data Uganda Mechanical. No data on vector or seed transmission Kumi virus B25,26 Uganda Mechanical. No data on vector or seed transmission Cassava Nicotiana benthamiana Brazil Mode of transmission not known symptomless Rhabdovirus27 Cassava Caribbean Chenopodium quinoa, Mode of transmission not known mosaic (?) Nicotiana benthamiana potexvirus27 Bacteria Xanthomonas Y campestris pv. manihotis Xanthomonas Y campestris pv. cassavae Agrobacterium Y tumefaciens Biovar 1 MLOs Cassava antholysis MLO Y Cassava witches' Candidatus Y broom Phytoplasma asteri http://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/8562 Lee et al. 2004 0 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy /Browser/wwwtax.cgi?lvl=0&id=8562 0.