Differences Between Current and Original Release of CSFII/DHKS 1989-91 Dataset and Documentation Please be advised that the data available from past USDA food consumption surveys reflect the foods and their nutrient values that were available at the time of the particular survey. Each survey was designed to assess the dietary status of the U.S. population at that particular time. It is important to consider that survey methods and operations including questionnaire wording, data processing methods, and the survey nutrient database used to calculate the dietary intake were updated from survey to survey based on new data and methods available at the time. Comparing data across surveys must take into account these types of changes. Some research has addressed the impact of changes in methods and/or databases between selected surveys. References are included in the respective surveys’ report sections on this site. Please study the complete dataset documentation before using the dataset. Nearly all the information provided with the original release continues to be applicable for the new release. However, some changes have been made to data formats and other items, so please keep the following points in mind as you read the documentation: • The data are now available online in SAS7 files (.sas7bdat) rather than on magnetic tape in ASCII fixed format files or on CD-ROM to be accessed using SETS software. • The formats documents from the original release (e.g., rt15.fmt) are superseded by new documents (e.g., rt15fmt.txt). • References to implied decimals are no longer relevant. The SAS variables carry the appropriate number of decimal places. • References to column numbers, position, location, or width should be disregarded. • References to SETS should be disregarded. • The "blanks" referred to in the documentation will appear as periods (.) in the SAS files. • Current contact information for the USDA Food Surveys Research Group (author/distributor of the CSFII/DHKS 1989-91 dataset and documentation) may be obtained from our website http://www.ars.usda.gov/ba/bhnrc/fsrg on the "About Us" page. • Questionnaires and other survey materials are also available on the website. The CSFII questionnaires were the same for all 3 years. The DHKS questionnaire was slightly different for each year, so all 3 versions are posted. CSFII/DHKS 1989-91 Documentation Documentation for the CSFII/DHKS 1989-91 DATA SET: 1989-91 CONTINUING SURVEY OF FOOD INTAKES BY INDIVIDUALS and 1989-91 DIET AND HEALTH KNOWLEDGE SURVEY Table of Contents 1. Table of Contents 2. Introduction 3. Methodology Sample Design Data Collection Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals Diet and Health Knowledge Survey Survey Response Sample Weights Data Processing Food coding Nutrient data base Data cleaning 4. Using the CSFII/DHKS Data Set Notes Using the original data set Statistical software Guideline for the use of weights Statistical analysis with standard software packages DHKS Notes Question numbering reference Cross reference table Control for order effects Recodes Blanks in the file format Scale changes 5. Derivation of Calculated Variables (Calculated by USDA) Key fields (all applicable record types) 1. INCOME, Imputed yearly household income 2. PCTPOV, Household income as a percentage of poverty level 3. IMPFLAG, Imputed income flag 4. HEADSTAT, Head of household status 5. NUMDAYS, Number of days of complete intake records 2 CSFII/DHKS 1989-91 Documentation Record type 15 1. SHOP_DIS, Distance to the store in miles 2. M_EMP, Employment status -- male head 3. M_LGRADE, Highest school grade completed -- male head 4. F_EMP, Employment status -- female head 5. F_LGRADE, Highest school grade completed -- female head Record type 20 1. R_EMP, Employment status -- respondent 2. R_LGRADE, Highest school grade completed -- respondent Record type 30 1. Time of eating occasion converted to military time 2. Sequential record number Record type 35 1. Food groupings used by ARS for table preparation Record type 35 and 40 1. Breast milk consumption flag Record type 40 1. Percent of Recommended Dietary Allowances 2. Recommended Dietary Allowances, 1989 6. Glossary 7. Literature Cited 8. Items from the Manual of Food Codes for Individual Intake Food Group List Notes and Abbreviations Coding Guidelines Used for CSFII 1989, 1990, and 1991 9. 51-Character Food Descriptions 10. Frequency Distribution (Control Counts) for Selected Variables 3 CSFII/DHKS 1989-91 Documentation 11. Data Set Characteristics and Formats for CSFII and DHKS General Characteristics and Structure Introduction Data tape characteristics Data set structure Key fields Question references Sample weights and sample design fields Fasting persons or others reporting no foods eaten Data set sequence Data Set Formats Record type 15 Record type 20 Record type 30 Record type 35 Record type 40 Record type 50 DHKS Question Numbering Reference for Diet Health Knowledge Questions 4 CSFII/DHKS 1989-91 Documentation INTRODUCTION This data set contains information from two surveys conducted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). The 1989-91 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII) includes 1-day food and nutrient intakes by 15,192 individuals of all ages surveyed in the 48 conterminous States and 3-day intakes by 11,912 individuals. The 1989-91 Diet and Health Knowledge Survey (DHKS) includes information on diet, health, and food safety issues from 5,730 individuals identified as main meal planners/preparers in the 1989-91 CSFII. The surveys were conducted as three separate 1-year surveys in 1989, 1990, and 1991. The data set includes a set of 3-year weights for use when the data are combined and annual weights for use when only one year of data is used or when each year is analyzed separately. Please study the complete data set documentation before using the data set. Section 3 provides information about the survey data collection, sample design and weighting, survey response, food coding, and the nutrient data base. Section 4 provides information on simplifying use of the data set. The calculated field documentation in Section 5 describes the process of imputing annual income and the algorithms for calculating fields such as employment status and income as a percentage of the poverty level. Also included here are the lists of foods grouped for table preparation and aggregated for the data set. Section 6 is the glossary and section 7, literature cited. Section 8 contains the food code manual. This manual contains food codes and descriptions, food code groupings, and coding guidelines. Section 9 contains a streamlined file of food codes and descriptions. Section 10 contains tabulations of selected fields. The purpose of these "control counts" is to provide users with a way of checking their own input programs and tabulations. Section 11 documents the data set characteristics and format (or layout) of the survey data file. Included are a description of file characteristics and structure as well as counts of records. The file layout describes each data field and references the original question by number so that users may refer to the questionnaires and interviewer's instruction manual. Valid values and their meanings, skip patterns, the position of each field by column, and the number of implied decimal places are given here. A name is provided for each data field that can be used for data processing purposes and facilitates discussion of specific data fields. Data collection for CSFII began in April 1989 and continued through March 1992. Individuals who took part in the survey were asked to provide 3 consecutive days of dietary data. The first day's data were collected in a personal in-home interview using a 1-day dietary recall. The second and third days' data were collected using a self-administered 2-day dietary record. The DHKS respondents were contacted by telephone, 5 CSFII/DHKS 1989-91 Documentation if possible, about 6 weeks following collection of the dietary data and asked to answer a series of questions about knowledge of and attitudes toward diet, health, and food safety issues. National Analysts (a division of Booz, Allen and Hamilton, Inc.), a private firm in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, conducted the CSFII/DHKS under contract with the USDA. National Analysts designed the sample; collected the information; edited, coded, and keyed the data; and prepared a final data tape. USDA defined the information to be collected; provided technical information such as food codes, gram weights of common measures of food, and the nutrient composition of foods; and monitored the contract. The CSFII/DHKS 1989-91 is the most recent of many USDA studies of food consumption. The surveys and their methodologies have been expanded and refined over the years by USDA and cooperating agencies. The surveys are used now, as in the past, to describe food consumption behavior and to assess the nutritional content of diets for their implications for policies relating to food production and marketing, food safety, food assistance, and nutrition education (1,2). The surveys are a major component of the National Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research Program, a set of related Federal activities intended to provide regular information on the nutritional status of the U.S. population (3,4). National information on the dietary intakes of individual household members has been collected by USDA since 1965. The first such collection took place as a supplement to the 1965-66 Household Food Consumption Survey; in households sampled in the spring quarter, certain household members were asked to recall their dietary intakes for the day prior to the interview (5). In 1977-78 and in 1987-88, dietary intakes for 3 consecutive days were collected for individuals in households sampled as part of the Nationwide Food Consumption Survey (6,7,8,9). The data were collected using a 1-day recall and a 2-day record. The 1977-78 survey was augmented by five supplemental surveys.