SHared automation Operating models for Worldwide adoption SHOW Grant Agreement Number: 875530 D2.1.: Benchmarking of existing business / operating models & best practices This report is part of a project that has received funding by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement number 875530 Legal Disclaimer The information in this document is provided “as is”, and no guarantee or warranty is given that the information is fit for any particular purpose. The above-referenced consortium members shall have no liability to third parties for damages of any kind including without limitation direct, special, indirect, or consequential damages that may result from the use of these materials subject to any liability which is mandatory due to applicable law. © 2020 by SHOW Consortium. This report is subject to a disclaimer and copyright. This report has been carried out under a contract awarded by the European Commission, contract number: 875530. The content of this publication is the sole responsibility of the SHOW project. D2.1: Benchmarking of existing business / operating models & best practices 2 Executive Summary D2.1 provides the state-of-the-art for business and operating roles in the field of mobility services (MaaS, LaaS and DRT containing the mobility services canvas as description of the selected representative mobility services, the business and operating models describing relevant business factors and operation environment, the user and role analysis representing the involved user and roles for the mobility services (providing, operating and using the service) as well as identifying the success and failure models of the analysed mobility services and finally a KPI-Analysis (business- driven) to give a structured economical evaluation as base for the benchmarking. The final overall evaluation – the benchmarking – as the last part of D2.1 providing a base for the development of the new business and operating models A2.2 and the market analysis in A16.1. D2.1 has 3 main elements the basic are represented in chapter 2 methodology and chapter 3 containing the relevant information for the benchmarking and best practices evaluation, chapter 4 to chapter 9 containing the state-of-the-art of mobility services covering PTO, LaaS, DRT services, car sharing, MaaS and demo site mobility services and last but not least chapter 10, which benchmarks the input from chapter 4 to chapter 9 using the methodology and the input of chapter 3 as well as providing 7 best practices (business and operating models) for the further development work in A2.2. It has to be mentioned that the selection of demo sites for chapter 9 has been made based on availability and quality of demo site data and to cover most relevant MaaS solution as well as their market maturity. It should be noted that all figures in this document are taken from publicly available sources and normally provided by the companies themselves. D2.1: Benchmarking of existing business / operating models & best practices 3 Document Control Sheet Start date of project: 01 January 2020 Duration: 48 months SHOW Del. ID & Title: D2.1 Benchmarking of existing business /operating models & best practices Dissemination level: PU A2.1 Benchmarking of existing business / Relevant Activities: operating models and best practices Work package: WP2 – Business models and roles Lead authors: Jörg Worschech (IESTA) Other authors involved: Albert Serra (BAX) Ralf Willenbrock, Romina Quaranta (T- SYS) Mihai Chirca, Christine Peyrot, Louis-René Chabannes (TRANSDEV) Alberto Bellini (SWARCO) Sevket Oguz Kagan Capkin (CTLUP) Cilli Sobiech, Sigma Dolins (RISE) Jenny Weidenauer (IESTA) Internal Reviewers: VEDECOM VUB CERTH/HIT External Reviewers: N/A Actual submission date: 12/10/2020 Status: Submitted File Name: SHOW_D2_1_Benchmark-Business- Operating-Models_SUBMITTED D2.1: Benchmarking of existing business / operating models & best practices 4 Document Revision History Version Date Reason Editor 0.1 21/04/2020 Initial creation W. Rom, J. Worschech (IESTA) 0.2 30/07/2020 Input for Introduction and J. Worschech (IESTA) Methodology 0.3 15/08/2020 Input to all chapters and J. Weidenauer (IESTA) first complete draft C. Sobiech, S. Dolins (RISE) M. Chirca, (Transdev) A. Serra (BAX) A. Bellini (SWARCO) R. Quaranta (T-SYSs) 1.0 21/09/2020 Version sent for internal J. Worschech, J. peer review. Weidenauer (IESTA) 2.0 01/10/2020 Peer reviewed version J. Worschech, J. sent for submission. Weidenauer (IESTA) 2.1 12/10/2020 Corrections to previous J. Worschech, J. version Weidenauer (IESTA) 3.0 12/10/2020 Version finalized for H. Cornet (UITP) second submission D2.1: Benchmarking of existing business / operating models & best practices 5 Table of Contents Executive Summary .................................................................................................. 3 Table of Contents ...................................................................................................... 6 List of Tables ........................................................................................................... 12 List of Figures.......................................................................................................... 15 Abbreviation List ...................................................................................................... 19 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 22 1.1 Purpose of the document .......................................................................... 22 1.2 Intended Audience .................................................................................... 22 1.3 Interrelations ............................................................................................. 22 1.4 Shared Mobility Services, Connectivity and Automated Vehicles .............. 23 2 Methodological Approach ................................................................................. 24 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................... 24 2.2 Basic boundary conditions ........................................................................ 24 2.3 SHOW Methodological Approach .............................................................. 24 2.3.1 Methodological Approach ................................................................... 25 2.3.2 Mobility Services Canvas ................................................................... 27 2.3.3 Business Model Canvas ..................................................................... 30 2.3.4 Value Proposition Canvas .................................................................. 31 2.3.5 Business impact and KPI ................................................................... 32 2.3.6 Workshops & Interviews ..................................................................... 33 2.3.7 Benchmarking .................................................................................... 35 3 Mobility Drivers, KPI and Metrics of SHOW ...................................................... 37 3.1 The role of Business Model Innovation in sustainable mobility transition ... 37 3.2 Identification of SHOW mobility drivers ..................................................... 37 3.2.1 Users ................................................................................................. 38 3.2.2 Technology ........................................................................................ 41 3.2.3 Policy ................................................................................................. 44 3.3 CCAVs Business/Operating Models: success/failure factors and indicators 46 3.3.1 Value chain ........................................................................................ 46 3.3.2 Knowledge of the technology ............................................................. 47 3.3.3 Other major elements ......................................................................... 48 D2.1: Benchmarking of existing business / operating models & best practices 6 3.3.4 Suggestions for a way forward ........................................................... 49 3.4 Identification of SHOW Business Model KPIs and corresponding metrics . 50 3.4.1 SHOW Business Model KPIs ............................................................. 51 3.4.2 Situational variables ........................................................................... 55 3.4.3 Calculation of Market indicators ......................................................... 56 3.5 Business model exploitation: scalability and transferability ........................ 59 3.5.1 Business model scalability ................................................................. 59 3.5.2 Business model transferability ............................................................ 61 4 Overview and Analysis of Public Transport / PTO services .............................. 63 4.1 State of the Art of several PT networks / PT operators worldwide ............. 64 4.1.1 The Public Transport Network in Rouen Metropolis ............................ 68 4.1.2 The PT Network in Kista, Stockholm .................................................. 76 4.1.3 The PT Network in Vienna ................................................................. 83 4.2 Business and operating models using Canvas Methodology ..................... 89 4.2.1 Business models of Public Transportation .......................................... 89 4.2.2