India-EU Common Agenda on Migration and Mobility INDIAN DIASPORA IN IRELAND International Labour Organisation Local partner Implemented partner Implemented partner ICMPD · Ireland-India Migration Profile on India v4.indd 1 17/11/2020 11:57 © 2020 – International Centre for Migration Policy Development. All rights reserved. Licensed to the European Union under conditions. EU-India Cooperation and Dialogue on Migration and Mobility © 2018 – International Centre for Migration Policy Development. All rights reserved. Licensed to the European Union under conditions. EU-India Cooperation and Dialogue on Migration and Mobility. This project is funded by the European Union. Implemented by the International Labour Organization and the International Centre for Migration Policy Development. This publication was produced with the financial support of the European Union. Its contents are the sole responsibility of its authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union or the Gov- ernment of India. The responsibility for the content of this publication rests solely with its authors and publication does not constitute an endorsement by the International Labour Organization of the opinions expressed in it. We gratefully acknowledge the contributions of the Indian Embassy, in Dublin, and the Ireland India Business Association (IIBA). Local partner Implemented partner International Labour Organisation 2 INDIAN DIASPORA IN IRELAND | EU-INDIA COOPERATION AND DIALOGUE ON MIGRATION AND MOBILITY ICMPD · Ireland-India Migration Profile on India v4.indd 2 17/11/2020 11:57 RESEARCH TEAM: NilaKanthi Ford Thelma Harris INDIAN DIASPORA IN IRELAND | EU-INDIA COOPERATION AND DIALOGUE ON MIGRATION AND MOBILITY 3 ICMPD · Ireland-India Migration Profile on India v4.indd 3 17/11/2020 11:57 CONTENTS List of Abbreviations 7 List of Figures 9 PART ONE 11 SECTION 1: Preface 12 SECTION 2: Introduction 13 2.1 Report objectives 13 2.2 Report structure 14 2.3 Methodology 14 2.4 Definition of diaspora 15 2.5 Ireland-India relations - background 15 2.6 Ireland and India – economic relations 16 2.7 Ireland visa entry conditions 17 2.8 Visitors to Ireland: current situation 18 PART TWO 21 SECTION 3: Importance of Indian diaspora to Irish society and economy – focus on education, healthcare and business 22 3.1 Education 22 3.2 The healthcare sector in Ireland 24 3.3 Indian business in Ireland 28 SECTION 4: Diaspora contribution to Ireland and India 32 4.1 Indian diaspora in Ireland: notable contribution to Ireland in the 21st century 32 4.2 Indian diaspora in Ireland: contribution to India 33 SECTION 5: Migration patterns, integration characteristics and potential support for new immigrants 36 5.1 Migration patterns 36 5.2 Perception of Ireland as a welcoming country for migrants 37 5.3 Challenges to integration 38 5.4 Employment 40 5.5 Culture 40 5.6 Ahakista memorial 40 5.7 Meeting new people and members of the Indian-Irish community 41 5.8 Relocation challenges: accommodation and logistics 41 5.9 Stamp 1G and graduate employment 42 5.10 Current amenities for integration/actions being taken 42 5.11 Support sought by the Indian population 44 4 INDIAN DIASPORA IN IRELAND | EU-INDIA COOPERATION AND DIALOGUE ON MIGRATION AND MOBILITY ICMPD · Ireland-India Migration Profile on India v4.indd 4 17/11/2020 11:57 SECTION 6: Diaspora associations, networks and gathering centres 46 6.1 Function 46 6.2 Audience 46 6.3 Location 46 6.4 Online communities 46 6.5 Other communities 47 6.6 Support and services provided to Indian communities in Ireland 47 6.7 Directory of Indian diaspora groups 47 PART 3 51 SECTION 7: Summary, conclusions and recommendations 52 7.1 Overall recommendations 53 7.2 Specific actions based on report findings 54 SECTION 8: Appendices 56 A. References 56 B. Acknowledgements 59 C. Surveys 60 INDIAN DIASPORA IN IRELAND | EU-INDIA COOPERATION AND DIALOGUE ON MIGRATION AND MOBILITY 5 ICMPD · Ireland-India Migration Profile on India v4.indd 5 17/11/2020 11:57 © mentatdgt – www.pexels.com 6 INDIAN DIASPORA IN IRELAND | EU-INDIA COOPERATION AND DIALOGUE ON MIGRATION AND MOBILITY ICMPD · Ireland-India Migration Profile on India v4.indd 6 17/11/2020 11:57 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS BAPS Ireland: Bochasanwasi Shri Akshar INIS: The Irish Naturalisation and Immigration Purushottam Swaminarayan Sanstha Service BMQ: Basic Medical Qualification ITA: Ireland Telugu Association CORU: The Radiographers Registration Board ITS: Ireland Telugu Samajam CSO: Central Statistics Office ITWA Ireland: Ireland Telugus Welfare Association DFAT: Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade MBA: Masters of Business Administration EEA: European Economic Area MCQ: Multiple-Choice Questions EI: Enterprise Ireland MIND: Malayalee Indians in Ireland EMEA: Europe, Middle East and Africa MNCs: Multinational Corporations EU: European Union NCAS: Northwood Club of Arts and Sports FDI: Foreign Direct Investment OECD: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development FEN: Fingal Ethnic Network OSCE: Objective Structured Clinical Examination FICI: The Federation of Indian Communities in Ireland PRES: Pre-Registration Examination System GDP: Gross Domestic Product RCSI: Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland HEI: Higher Education Institution SFI: Science Foundation of Ireland ICMPD: International Centre for Migration Policy SLMRU: Skills and Labour Market Research Unit Development SMEs: Small and Medium Enterprises ICT: Information and Communications Technology TOI: Telanganites of Ireland IIBA: The Ireland India Business Association VHCCI: Vedic Hindu Cultural Centre Ireland © mentatdgt – www.pexels.com INDIAN DIASPORA IN IRELAND | EU-INDIA COOPERATION AND DIALOGUE ON MIGRATION AND MOBILITY 7 ICMPD · Ireland-India Migration Profile on India v4.indd 7 17/11/2020 11:57 ICMPD · Ireland-India Migration Profile on India v4.indd 8 17/11/2020 11:57 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1: Usually resident one-year immigrants Figure 5.2: Integration experience in Ireland aged 15 years and over, economic (N=106) compares how the Indian status by nationality, 2016 diaspora in Ireland have rated (%) their own integration into community Figure 3.1: Doctors registered with the Irish life in Ireland with how they rate their Medical Council 2018 own integration into the Indian-Irish Figure 3.2: Country (outside Ireland) of basic community in Ireland. medical qualification for doctors Figure 5.3: Most frequent challenges to integrating Figure 3.3: Ireland as a business location – into Irish society and community life business respondee (N=94) Figure 3.4: Indian ICT Companies in Ireland Figure 5.4: Business perspective Figure 4.1: Willingness to contribute to India Figure 5.5: Activities for assimilation into Irish (survey results) community life Figure 4.2: Visiting India from Ireland Figure 5.6: Activities for assimilation into the Indian-Irish community (N=105) Figure 5.1: Integration experience in Ireland (N=106) compares how the Indian Figure 5.7: Indian business view of working in diaspora in Ireland have rated (%) their Ireland own integration into community life in Figure 5.8: Obstacles to integration and support Ireland with how they rate Ireland as sought (N= 93) an inclusive country. Figure 5.9: Suggestions from business for programmes to assist Indians moving to Ireland Figure 6.1: Active Indian-Irish diaspora groups (presented alphabetically) INDIAN DIASPORA IN IRELAND | EU-INDIA COOPERATION AND DIALOGUE ON MIGRATION AND MOBILITY 9 ICMPD · Ireland-India Migration Profile on India v4.indd 9 17/11/2020 11:57 ICMPD · Ireland-India Migration Profile on India v4.indd 10 17/11/2020 11:57 PART1 INDIAN DIASPORA IN IRELAND | EU-INDIA COOPERATION AND DIALOGUE ON MIGRATION AND MOBILITY 11 ICMPD · Ireland-India Migration Profile on India v4.indd 11 17/11/2020 11:57 SECTION 1: Preface This report presents the findings of a study on the Indian This paper will be of interest to all parties in the EU and India – diaspora in Ireland. It explores the trends exhibited by the and potentially beyond – who seek to engage with the Indian group, and delivers concrete, practical recommendations for diaspora population for mutual benefit. The report will also be improving Indian diaspora engagement. The study has been of interest to academic audiences interested in development, financed by the EU-funded project entitled EU-India Coopera- integration, migration, and diaspora studies. tion and Dialogue on Migration and Mobility. The IIBA is an independent not-for-profit bilateral business The research was undertaken by NilaKanthi Ford and Thelma association that aims to improve bilateral trade through re- Harris in partnership with the Ireland-India Business Associa- search and networking. This report has been peer reviewed in tion (IIBA) on behalf of the International Centre for Migration accordance with IIBA’s assurance standards to accommodate Policy Development (ICMPD). the interests of both nations. The authors of this report have notable backgrounds in trade, Finally, the authors would like to acknowledge the invaluable migration, diaspora engagement, and philanthropy. Since its contribution of the Indian Embassy in Dublin. drafting in 2018, sections of the paper have been adapted/ updated in accordance to feed- back provided by the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) and developments in Irish legislation in 2020. This report is divided into three parts. Part One (Sections 1-2) provides information from a desk research exercise using available national and international datasets on diaspora and migrant populations. It provides an overview of the Indian diaspora population in Ireland, along with insights into the historic and current relationship be- tween Ireland and India. Part Two (Sections 3-6) discusses the importance of Indian di- aspora to Ireland with a special focus on: education, health- care, and business; diaspora contribution to Ireland and India; migrating patterns, integration patterns, integration charac- teristics and potential for support for new migrants; and dias- pora associations, networks and gathering centres. It presents the results of a literature review, surveys, and in- terview exercises with diasporans, and diaspora organisation representatives.