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Realizing the Potential of C4I: Fundamental Challenges http://www.nap.edu/catalog/6457.html REALIZING THE POTENTIAL OF C4I FUNDAMENTAL CHALLENGES Committee to Review DOD C4I Plans and Programs Computer Science and Telecommunications Board Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications National Research Council NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS Washington, D.C. 1999 Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Realizing the Potential of C4I: Fundamental Challenges http://www.nap.edu/catalog/6457.html NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the Na- tional Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medi- cine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. Support for this project was provided by the Department of Defense. Any opinions, find- ings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsor. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 99-62272 International Standard Book Number 0-309-06485-6 Additional copies of this report are available from: National Academy Press 2101 Constitution Avenue, NW Box 285 Washington, DC 20055 800/624-6242 202/334-3313 (in the Washington Metropolitan Area) http://www.nap.edu Copyright 1999 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Realizing the Potential of C4I: Fundamental Challenges http://www.nap.edu/catalog/6457.html COMMITTEE TO REVIEW DOD C4I PLANS AND PROGRAMS JAMES C. McGRODDY, IBM (retired), Chair CHARLES HERZFELD, Private Consultant, Vice Chair NORMAN ABRAMSON, ALOHA Networks EDWARD BALKOVICH, Bell Atlantic JORDAN BARUCH, Jordan Baruch Associates RICHARD BASEIL, Telcordia Technologies (formerly Bellcore) THOMAS A. BERSON, Anagram Laboratories RICHARD KEMMERER, University of California at Santa Barbara BUTLER LAMPSON, Microsoft Corporation DAVID M. MADDOX, Gen USA (retired), Private Consultant PAUL D. MILLER, ADM USN (retired), Alliant Technology Systems CARL G. O’BERRY, Lt Gen USAF (retired) JOHN H. QUILTY, MITRE Corporation ROBERT H. REED, Gen USAF (retired), Lear Astronics Corporation H. GREGORY TORNATORE, Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University Staff HERBERT S. LIN, Senior Scientist and Study Director JON EISENBERG, Program Officer JULIE ESANU, Research Associate MARK BALKOVICH, Research Associate MICKELLE RODGERS, Project Assistant NICCI T. DOWD, Project Assistant DAVID PADGHAM, Project Assistant iii Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Realizing the Potential of C4I: Fundamental Challenges http://www.nap.edu/catalog/6457.html COMPUTER SCIENCE AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS BOARD DAVID D. CLARK, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Chair FRANCES E. ALLEN, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center JAMES CHIDDIX, Time Warner Cable JOHN M. CIOFFI, Stanford University W. BRUCE CROFT, University of Massachusetts at Amherst A.G. (SANDY) FRASER, AT&T SUSAN L. GRAHAM, University of California at Berkeley JAMES GRAY, Microsoft Corporation PATRICK M. HANRAHAN, Stanford University JUDITH HEMPEL, University of California at San Francisco BUTLER W. LAMPSON, Microsoft Corporation EDWARD D. LAZOWSKA, University of Washington DAVID LIDDLE, Interval Research JOHN MAJOR, Wireless Knowledge TOM M. MITCHELL, Carnegie Mellon University DONALD NORMAN, Nielsen Norman Group RAYMOND OZZIE, Groove Networks DAVID A. PATTERSON, University of California at Berkeley LEE SPROULL, Boston University LESLIE L. VADASZ, Intel Corporation Staff MARJORY S. BLUMENTHAL, Director HERBERT S. LIN, Senior Scientist JERRY R. SHEEHAN, Senior Program Officer ALAN S. INOUYE, Program Officer JON EISENBERG, Program Officer JANET D. BRISCOE, Administrative Associate RITA GASKINS, Project Assistant NICCI T. DOWD, Project Assistant DAVID PADGHAM, Project Assistant MARGARET MARSH, Project Assistant iv Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Realizing the Potential of C4I: Fundamental Challenges http://www.nap.edu/catalog/6457.html COMMISSION ON PHYSICAL SCIENCES, MATHEMATICS, AND APPLICATIONS PETER M. BANKS, ERIM International, Inc., Co-chair W. CARL LINEBERGER, University of Colorado, Co-chair WILLIAM BROWDER, Princeton University LAWRENCE D. BROWN, University of Pennsylvania MARSHALL H. COHEN, California Institute of Technology RONALD G. DOUGLAS, Texas A&M University JOHN E. ESTES, University of California at Santa Barbara JERRY P. GOLLUB, Haverford College MARTHA P. HAYNES, Cornell University JOHN L. HENNESSY, Stanford University CAROL M. JANTZEN, Westinghouse Savannah River Company PAUL G. KAMINSKI, Technovation, Inc. KENNETH H. KELLER, University of Minnesota MARGARET G. KIVELSON, University of California at Los Angeles DANIEL KLEPPNER, Massachusetts Institute of Technology JOHN KREICK, Sanders, a Lockheed Martin Company MARSHA I. LESTER, University of Pennsylvania M. ELISABETH PATÉ-CORNELL, Stanford University NICHOLAS P. SAMIOS, Brookhaven National Laboratory CHANG-LIN TIEN, University of California at Berkeley NORMAN METZGER, Executive Director v Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. 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