ISBNISBN 978-983-9114-55-3 978-98-9114-55-3 SEAFDEC / MFRDMD / SP / 22 Field Guide to Look-Alike Sharks and Rays Species of the Southeast Asian Region AHMAD ALI ANNIE LIM PEK KHIOK FAHMI DHARMADI Field GuideFIELD to GUIDE Look TO-Alike SHARKS Sharks AND and RAYS Rays LOOK-ALIKE Species of OF Southeast THE SOUTHEAST Asian Region ASIAN REGION ~ 1 ~ ~ 2 ~Field FIELD Guide GUIDE to Look TO- AlikeSHARKS Sharks AND RAYSand Rays LOOK-ALIKE Species OFof SoutheastTHE SOUTHEAST Asian RegionASIAN REGION FIELD GUIDE TO LOOK-ALIKE SHARKS AND RAYS SPECIES OF THE SOUTHEAST ASIAN REGION AHMAD ALI ANNIE LIM PEK KHIOK FAHMI DHARMADI 2013 Field Guide to Look-Alike Sharks and Rays Species of Southeast Asian Region FieldFIELD Guide GUIDE to Look TO- AlikeSHARKS Sharks AND RAYSand Rays LOOK-ALIKE Species OFof SoutheastTHE SOUTHEAST Asian RegionASIAN REGION ~ 3 ~ Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia Cataloging-in-Publication Data Field Guide to Look-alike Sharks and Rays Species of the Southeast Asian Region/Ahmad Ali….[et al.]. ISBN: 978-983-9114-55-3 1. Sharks—Southeast Asia—Identification 2. Rays (Fishes)—Southeast Asia—Identification I.Ahmad Ali. 3. 597.3095 Copyright©2013 SEAFDEC/MFRDMD All Right Reserved. This publication may be reproduced for educational and other non-commercial purposes without permission of the copyright holder, provided the source is cited and the copyright holder receives a copy of the reproduce material. Reproduce for commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. This publication should be cited as follows: Ahmad, A., Lim, A.P.K., Fahmi and Dharmadi. 2013. Field Guide to Look-alike Sharks and Rays Species of the Southeast Asian Region. SEAFDEC/MFRDMD/SP/22: 107 pp. ~Field 4 ~ GuideFIELD to LookGUIDE-Alike TO SHARKS Sharks ANDand RAYSRays LOOK-ALIKESpecies of Southeast OF THE SOUTHEAST Asian Region ASIAN REGION CONTENTS SUMMARY………………………………………………………………………………………..…… 1 FOREWORD…………………………………………………………………………………………... 2 INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………….……………….... 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS…………………………………………………..……………….……. 5 GLOSSARY…………………………………………………………………………………….……..… 6 TECHNICAL TERMS AND MEASUREMENTS OF SHARK Structural features and dimensions ….…................................................................ 10 Ventral surface ……..………………………………..……………………………….…….….. 11 Hyomandibular pore, spiracle and eye……...……………………………………..… 12 Labial furrow and labial fold……..………………..…………………………………….. 12 Pectoral fins …………...…………………………………..…………………………………….. 13 Dorsal fin…………...………………………………………..………………………………….... 13 Caudal fin……...……………………………………………..…………………………………… 14 Eye………………………………………………………………..………………………………….. 14 Shape of snout……………………………………………..…………………………………… 15 Precaudal pit: Longitudinal and Crescentic ……..………………………………….. 15 TECHNICAL TERMS AND MEASUREMENTS OF RAY AND SKATE Dorsal view of a typical skate (Family Rajidae)………………………….………... 16 Ventral view of a typical skate (Family Rajidae) .…………………………………… 17 Structural features of rays……………………………………...……………………………. 1819 Dorsal fins and thorns on ray tail…...……………………………………………….……. 19 Dorsal view of devil ray’s head (Family Mobulidae)………...…………….………. 20 Dorsal view of eagle ray’s head (Family Myliobatidae)……...………………...…. 20 FieldFIELD Guide GUIDE to Look TO- AlikeSHARKS Sharks AND RAYSand Rays LOOK-ALIKE Species OFof SoutheastTHE SOUTHEAST Asian RegionASIAN REGION ~ 5 ~ Dorsal view of cownose ray’s head (Family Rhinopteridae) …….……………… 20 HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE………………………………………………………………………. 21 KEY TO ORDER OF SHARKS………………………………………………………………….… 22 ORDER CARCHARHINIFORMES Family Carcharhinidae Carcharhinus amblyrhynchoides (Whitley, 1934)………………………………… 24 Carcharhinus limbatus (Müller and Henle, 1839)………………………………… 25 Carcharhinus brevipinna (Müller and Henle, 1839)……………………………… 26 Carcharhinus sorrah (Müller and Henle, 1839)….………………………………….. 27 Carcharhinus limbatus (Müller and Henle, 1839)………………………………… 28 Carcharhinus sorrah (Müller and Henle, 1839)…………………………………….. 29 Carcharhinus macloti (Müller and Henle, 1839)….……………………………….. 30 Carcharhinus borneensis (Bleeker, 1859)…………….……………………………….. 31 Carcharhinus dussumieri (Müller and Henle, 1839)….…………………………… 32 Carcharhinus sealei (Pietschmann, 1913)…..………………………………………… 33 Lamiopsis tephrodes (Fowler, 1905)…..………………………………………………… 34 Glyphis sp. [sensu Last et al. 2008]…..…………………………………………………… 35 Glyphis fowlerae Compagno White & Cavanagh, 2010….……………………….. 36 Glyphis sp. [sensu Last et al. 2008]……..………………………………………………… 37 Loxodon macrorhinus Müller and Henle, 1839…..………………………………….. 38 Scoliodon macrorhynchos (Bleeker, 1852)…….…..……………………………...….. 39 Rhizoprionodon acutus (Ruppell, 1837)………………………………………………... 40 Rhizoprionodon oligolinx Springer, 1968…………………………………………….… 41 ~Field 6 ~ GuideFIELD to LookGUIDE-Alike TO SHARKS Sharks ANDand RAYSRays LOOK-ALIKESpecies of Southeast OF THE SOUTHEAST Asian Region ASIAN REGION Family Sphyrinidae Sphyrna lewini (Griffith & Smith, 1834)…………………………………………….….. 42 Sphyrna mokarran (Ruppell, 1837)…………………………………………………….... 43 Family Hemigaleidae Chaenogaleus macrostoma (Bleeker, 1852)……………………………….…………. 44 Hemipristis elongata (Klunzinger, 1871)…………………………………….………… 45 Hemigaleus microstoma Bleeker, 1852……………………………………….………… 46 Paragaleus tengi (Chen, 1963)…………………………………………………….……….. 47 ORDER LAMNIFORMES Family Alopiidae Alopias pelagicus Nakamura, 1935……………………………………………………… 48 Alopias superciliosus (Lowe, 1839)……………………………………………………… 49 Family Laminidae Isurus paucus Guitart Monday, 1966………………………………….………………… 50 Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810……………………………………..………………. 51 ORDER ORECTOLOBIFORMES Family Hemiscylliidae Chiloscyllium griseum Müller and Henle, 1838………………..……………………. 52 Chiloscyllium hasseltii Bleeker, 1852………………………………..…………………… 53 KEY TO ORDER OF BATOIDS………………………………………………………………….. 54 0RDER RHINIFORMES Family Rhynchobatidae Rhynchobatus australiae Whitley, 1939…..……………………………………………. 56 Rhynchobatus laevis (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)….………………………………… 57 FieldFIELD Guide GUIDE to Look TO- AlikeSHARKS Sharks AND RAYSand Rays LOOK-ALIKE Species OFof SoutheastTHE SOUTHEAST Asian RegionASIAN REGION ~ 7 ~ Rhynchobatus palpebratus Compagno & Last, 2008………………………………. 58 Rhynchobatus springeri Campagno & Last, 2010……………………………………. 59 Family Rhinobatidae Glaucostegus thouin (Anonymous, 1798)………………………………………………. 60 Glaucostegus typus (Bennett, 1830)………………………………………………............ 61 ORDER TORPEDINIFORMES Family Narkidae Narke dipterygia (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)…...……………………………………. 62 Temera hardwickii Gray, 1831…..………………………………………………………… 63 ORDER RAJIFORMES Family Rajidae Okamejei cairae Last, Fahmi & Ishihara, 2010…..…………………………………… 64 Okamejei jensenae Last & Lim, 2010…..…………………………………………………. 65 Dipturus kwangtungensis (Chu, 1960)…………………………………………………… 66 Okamejei hollandi (Jordan & Richardson, 1909) …………………………………….. 67 ORDER MYLIOBATIFORMES Family Dasyatidae Dasyatis akajei (Müller and Henle, 1841) ……………………...………………………. 68 Dasyatis fluviorum Ogilby, 1908……………………………………………………………. 69 Dasyatis parvonigra Last& White, 2008……………………………………………….. 70 Neotrygon kuhlii (Müller and Henle, 1841) …………………………………………… 71 Himantura walga (Müller and Henle, 1841)……….…………………………………. 72 Himantura imbricata (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)…..……………………………….. 73 ~Field 8 ~ GuideFIELD to Look GUIDE-Alike TO SHARKS Sharks ANDand RAYSRays LOOK-ALIKESpecies of Southeast OF THE SOUTHEAST Asian Region ASIAN REGION Himantura pastinacoides (Bleeker, 1852)…………………………………………….. 74 Himantura cf pastinacoides………………………………………………………………… 75 Himantura leoparda Manjaji-Matsumoto & Last, 2008….………………………. 76 Himantura uarnak (Forsskal, 1775)….…………………………………………………. 77 Himantura leoparda Manjaji-Matsumoto & Last, 2008………………………….. 78 Himantura undulata (Bleeker, 1852) …...………………………………………………. 79 Himantura uarnacoides (Bleeker,1852)………………………………………………. 80 Himantura lobistomaManjaji-Matsumoto & Last, 2006……..………………… 81 Pastinachus gracilicaudus Last & Manjaji, 2010)………………………………….. 82 Pastinachus atrus (Macleay, 1883)……………………………………………………… 83 Pastinachus gracilicaudus Last& Manjaji, 2010………………………………….. 84 Pastinachus stellurostris Last, Fahmi & Naylor, 2010…………………………… 85 Pastinachus solocirostris Last, Manjaji & Yearsley, 2005……..……………… 86 Pastinachus stellurostris Last, Fahmi & Naylor, 2010…………………………… 87 Family Gymnuridae Gymnura japonica (Schlegal, 1850)…….………………………………………………. 88 Gymnura poecilura (Shaw, 1804)……….……………………………………………… 89 Family Myliobatidae Aetomylaeus maculatus (Gray, 1832)………………………………………………... 90 Aetomylaeus nichofii (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)………………………………… 91 Family Rhinopteridae Rhinoptera javanica Müller and Henle, 1841 ……………………………………… 92 Rhinoptera jayakari Boulenger, 1895………………………………………………… 93 FieldFIELD Guide GUIDE to Look TO- AlikeSHARKS Sharks AND RAYSand Rays LOOK-ALIKE Species OFof SoutheastTHE SOUTHEAST Asian RegionASIAN REGION ~ 9 ~ Family Mobulidae Mobula japanica (Müller and Henle, 1841)………………………………………….... 94 Mobula thurstoni (Lloyd, 1908)……………………………………………………………. 95 Mobula japanica (Müller and Henle, 1841)……………………………………………. 96 Mobula tarapacana (Philiippi, 1892)………………..…………………………………… 97 Mobula sp.…………………………………………………………………………………………… 98 Mobula kuhlii (Müller and Henle, 1841)………………………………………………… 99 Genus Manta……..……………………………………………………………………………………… 100 Genus Mobula……..…………………………………………………………………………………….. 101 INDEX Scientific Names ..…..…………………………………………………………………………….. 102 English Names …….……………………………………………………………………………….. 104 REFERENCES…..……………………………………………………………………………………… 106 ~Field 10 ~Guide FIELD to Look GUIDE-Alike TO SHARKS Sharks ANDand RAYSRays