Index Page numbers in italics refer to figures, those in bold to tables Abontorok ring complex 365-6 post-magmatic 138 absarokite 104 by seawater 394 acid porphyrites 196 alumina saturation 370 acmite 63, 149, 341,405,417 alvikite 53, 72, 73, 75, 77, 78 actinolite 387 AmbaDongar, carbonatite 71 adamellite 449 amphibole 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 34, 45, 72, 77, 90, 92, 108, 137, Admapluton 388, 389 138, 160, 161, 170, 193, 198,202, 243,258, 271, Adrar Bous ring-complex 366 337, 338, 341,364, 386, 387, 388, 405,409-11, aegirine 71, 75, 77, 156, 338,386, 387,405,409, 411, 420, 437,439, 451,466, 520, 521,527 452, 479,484, 539, 541 alkali 133, 135, 156, 160, 479, 540 Zr-rich 461 Ba-K-amphibole 198 aegirine-augite 71, 75, 337, 338, 339, 405,409, 411 Ca-amphibole 387 aenigmatite 387, 417,452, 461,479, 539, 541 crystallization of 387 African Plate, movement of 282-3 pargasitic 63 agglomerate 136, 403,404, 502 secondary formation 465-6 agglutinate tuff see piperno sodi-calcic 370 agpaites 473,476, 539 stability of in basaltic magma 228 agpaitic rocks (Ilimaussaq intrusion) Ti-amphibole 198 bottom rocks 481-3 amphibole fractionation 523 mineralogy and layering 481-2 amphibolite 360 theories of formation of kakortokite layering amygdales 213 482-3 analcime 108, 120, 123, 132, 133, 138, 160, 163,202, roof rocks 478-80 217, 338, 405,484, 517,519 layering 479-80 origin of 48 mineralogy 478-9 primary 29 AillikBay, Labrador 128, 163 analcite basalt 140 aillikite 128, 198,465 anatase 131,133, 135, 138, 163 akerite 437 anatectic melts 508, 509 gtkermanite 31,32 anatexis 48,468 albanites 107 crustal 468 albite 48, 65, 72, 77, 109, 137, 149, 164, 198, 370, 373, andesine 388 387, 484 andesite generation, models for 394 destabilization of 374 andesite 68, 104, 128, 381,504 secondary formation 465-6 basaltic 233 albite-aegirine schists 77 continental margin 261 albitites 77 potassic 140 albitization 78,370, 374, 387 subduction-derived 132 alkali enrichment 92, 93 ankaramite 234, 495 alkali gain 317 ankaratrite 295, 301,303 alkali loss 72, 76, 78, 86, 87, 88, 92, 282, 317, 324, annite 371,373 420, 465 anorogenic complexes, within-plate 395 Zomba-Malosa complex 341 anorogenic magmatism alkali-depletion, volume requirements of 89 effect of late-stage fluids on 370-6 alkaline lamprophyre branch 196, 198, 200, 203,204, acid metasomatism 374-6 205,212, 214, 215,218,219 biotite granites and their mineralization 370 allanite 305, 387, 388 potassic metasomatism 373-4 zoned 387 sodic metasomatism 370, 373 Aln6 complex (Sweden) 53, 66 petrogenesis 366-70 aln6ite 68, 128, 136, 138,219, 337, 339, 349, 442, 463, Phanerozoic anorthosite association, Air, Niger 464-5 363-6 CO2-rich 444 tectonic and structural controls 358-70 Ile Bizard 442 anorogenicmagmaticevolution 361-3 incompatible element concentrations 443 influence of Pan-African orogeny 358, 360-1 alteration 255,257, 337 tectonic constraints on alkaline magmatism 361 hydrothermal 135, 271,370, 407, 465,503, 524 anorthite 149 K-silicate 374 anorthoclase 420 metasomatic 170, 351 anorthoclase trachyte 234 Na-silicate 370 anorthosite 361,363, 364, 450, 466, 531 545 546 Index anorthosite (cont.) Baikal-Aldan Belt, USSR 140, 143 Air 363,364 Baltic Shield (Kola Peninsula), alkaline rocks of 531- labradorite-andesine 461 43 massif-type 449 Palaeozoic alkaline complexes 533-43 anorthositic complexes, evolution of 366 Proterozoic alkaline complexes 531-3 anorthositic enclaves 368 Bambouto, Cameroon 278 apatite 57, 66, 67, 68, 71, 72, 73, 77, 90, 91, 97, 108, barite 71, 74, 78, 109, 133, 138,462 109, 114, 122, 129, 13l, 132, 133, 138, 139, 164, Sr-barite 120, 122, 164 166, 168, 234, 243,305, 337, 338,339, 349, 387, barroisite 387 388,405,409, 451,462, 465, 468,475,479,492, bartonite 200 521,541-3 baryte see barite early-crystallizing 466 basalt 5, 8, 35, 68, 104, 107, 139, 154, 255,259, 271, Na-REE-rich 462 273,278, 279,280, 281,282, 284, 309, 314-15, apatite deposits 534, 541-3 317, 318, 321,323,423, 442, 452, 454, 459,465, apatite glimmerite 139, 163 504, 520, 521,524 aplite 405 alkali 19, 30, 45, 103-4, 148, 151,167, 179, 196, aplogranite 407, 409 232, 258, 262, 293,294, 296, 297,298, 300, 301, albite 373 302, 307, 417,444, 493, 517 aqueous fluid phase, separation of 92, 93 evolved 37 aqueous fluids 23 fissure-fed 303 and alkali loss 86, 88 genesis of, Massif Central 526-7 development from magma 88 alkali olivine 15, 32, 33, 34-6, 298,442, 444 arfvedsonite 71, 72, 77, 337, 386, 387, 411,417,479, alkaline, transitional 296, 298-9, 303, 304, 307, 309 481,482, 483,484, 539 analcite 140 K-Ti-Mg-arfvedsonite 156 continental margin 261 Mg-arfvedsonite 77 ferrobasalt 296, 298,303 arfvedsonite-riebeckite 452 Gardar 456, 460 Argorintrusion (Canada) 90 genesis of 30 Argyle, E Kimberleys, W Australia 131,142, 144, K-rich 128 148, 149, 151,163 leucite 140 diamondiferous tuff 104 oceanic 381 armalcolite 108, 123, 163, 165 olivine 294, 298 Ascension Island 253-61,269-71 olivine-augite 303 Ascutney Mountain complex 441 primary 443 ash-flows 421,423 shoshonitic 135 comendite 303 subduction-derived 132 assimilation 313,425,452, 508,524 tholeiitic 230, 232, 241,435,444, 495 asthenosphere 4, 21,284 trachybasalt 315 generation of parental magmas 357 Walvis Ridge 263,264 partial melting of 64, 65, 283-4 basalt-trachyte relationships 320-3 as primitive mantle source 398 fractional crystallization of basaltic magma 320-2 asthenospheric bulge 517 partial melting of mafic deep continental crust 323 asthenospheric plumes 24 significance of composition gaps 322-3 astrophyllite 387,405,452 basanite 2, 3, 4, 10, 15, 32, 36-7, 196, 232, 277, 278, augite 61, 71,107, 128, 135, 137, 234, 282, 339, 386, 280, 282, 294, 296, 297, 301,317, 442, 504, 506, 409 517, 519, 524, 526 Fe-augite 387 leucite 135 sodian 410 nodules in 6 T-Al-augite 62 olivine 39 augite syenite 451,452, 474, 499 bastnaesite 71, 73-4 Australia, generalized map 129 batholiths 381 autometasomatism 370 calc-alkaline, Iforas 398 Azores 10-11 Sierra Nevada 127 Azzaba, Algeria 136-7 unroofing of 394-5, 398 W Iforas (composite calc-alkaline) 382, 388,398 White Mountain 433-4, 435 Ba mineralization 57 beforsite 53,465 Ba-K-amphibole 198 Belknap Mountain complex, geology of 434-5 Ba-K-feldspars 198 Benfontein (S Africa) 65 Ba-K-phlogopite 198 Benin-Nigeria shield 360 Ba-Ti-phlogopite 198 Benioffzones 144, 381 back-arc spreading 427 fossil 143, 168 baddeleyite 71,405,424 benmoreite 37, 234, 296, 298,303, 304, 321,322, 323, Bagnold effect 306, 369 417, 521 Index 547 Benue trough 362 Ca-amphibole 403 related to Cameroon line 283 calc-alkaline lamprophyre branch 196, 198, 200, 202, bimodal suites 278 203, 204, 205,212, 214, 215, 217, 218, 219 bimodality 65, 67, 304, 307, 308, 309, 341 calcite 54, 66, 67, 69-70, 71, 73, 89, 90, 91,133, 135, basalt-trachyte volcanism (Gregory rift) 299 138,203,462, 467 magmatic 5-6 in lamproite 97 transitionally alkaline suites (Kenya) 293, 303, calcite carbonatite 53, 72, 73 304 caldera collapse 228, 234, 278, 305,308, 309, 315, Bioko (Fernando P6o) 280 320, 322, 324, 325,330, 331 biotite 37, 71, 72-3;73, 77, 90, 104, 137, 200, 214, caldera complexes 433 320, 337, 338,339, 349, 383, 387, 405,420, 451, caldera formation 314 465, 521 Krakatoa-type 315, 331 annite-rich 462 caldera volcanoes 313-15 castellated 193 calderas 271,278,299,421,422, 423,425,428 F-bearing 466 trachytic 315 green 388 Cameroonline, W Africa 273-89 Mg-biotite 387 age 273-4, 277 biotite granite 436, 452 geology and petrology 277-82 mineralization of 370, 371,372 continental sector 277-80 biotite mafurite 39, 42, 165 oceanic sector 280-2 biotite peridotite 464 mantle sources and generation of the basic magmas biotite pyroxenite 464 283-6 biotite ugandite 165 origin of 282-3 biotite-annite 387 salic rocks, origin of 286-9 biotite-phlogopite 193,202 Cameroon, Mount 279 Biu Plateau, Nigeria 277-8 camptonite 212, 219, 339, 349, 352, 442, 493, 508 blairmorite 335 Canary Islands 54, 63 block faulting 144 Canaveseline 133 Blosseville Kyst shelf 489-90 cancarixite 132 Bobi-Sequela, Ivory Coast 136, 144, 149, 163 cancrinite 65, 66, 338,405,467, 534 Bohemian Massif, Czechoslovakia 135 Canning Basin, W Australia 129, 130 Borrolan syenite (NW Scotland) 75 Cape Verde Islands 54, 64, 67, 69, 143 bottom cumulates 479 carbonate 3, 7, 8, 9, 132, 193, 203, 338,349, 468 boundary layer 308 primary magmatic 467 boundary-layer liquids 306 secondary formation 465-6 boundary-layer migration 331 stability of 166 Bouvet Island 253-61 carbonate-saturated system ((Si + A1) - (Na + K) - Ca) Brazil 140 68 Brazilian Precambrianshield 403 carbonatite olivines 90 breccia 122, 123, 136, 139, 144, 212, 405,437, 498, carbonatites 29, 38, 44, 68, 69-74, 86, 109, 128, 196, 499, 502, 503, 508,542 215,296, 297, 306, 336, 337, 339, 354, 376, 383, autolithic 142 442, 444, 462-5,492, 534, 535 contact intrusive 124 alkalic, development of 92 hyaloclastite 280, 282 calcitic-dolomitic 89 igneous 437 calcite 53, 72, 73 intrusive 436 calcitic toankeritic 86 lamprophyric 8 defined 53 pyroclastic 142 dolomite 53, 72, 73, 75 quartz porphry 499 intrusive 71-3 rheomorphic 441 liquid immiscibility and genesis of 45, 47 syenite 365, 501 mineralization 73-4 volcanic 503 natrocarbonatite magma 69-71 breccia pipes 436 and nephelinites 53-79 breccia plugs 503 normal, development of 91-2 brecciated greisens 375 carbonatization 535 brecciation 67, 79 Cargillcomplex (N Ontario) 65 of roof 484 cassiterite 277, 375, 376, 405 roof cumulates 474 catapleiite 417,424 breunnerite 203 cauldron subsidence 383,452, 499, 503 britholite 405,409 cedricite 108 BultfonteinMine