Newport Pagnell Historic Town Assessment Draft Report 14 September 2010 Newport Pagnell Historic Town Assessment Report Draft Newport Pagnell © Mike Farley Newport Pagnell Historic Town Assessment Draft Report 1 Summary .................................................................................................................................................. 4 I DESCRIPTION................................................................................................................................... 9 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 9 1.1 Project Background and Purpose ............................................................................................ 9 1.2 Aims ......................................................................................................................................... 9 2 Setting ............................................................................................................................................. 11 2.1 Location, Topography & Geology .......................................................................................... 11 2.2 Wider Landscape ................................................................................................................... 14 3 Brief History of Settlement............................................................................................................ 17 4 Evidence.......................................................................................................................................... 21 4.1 Historic Maps.......................................................................................................................... 21 4.2 Documentary Evidence .......................................................................................................... 21 4.3 Built Heritage.......................................................................................................................... 22 4.4 Archaeological Evidence........................................................................................................ 26 4.5 Environmental Evidence ........................................................................................................ 40 5 Archaeological & Historical Development................................................................................... 41 5.1 Prehistoric period (c.10,000 BC – AD 43).............................................................................. 41 5.2 Roman synthesis and components (AD 43 – 410) ................................................................ 43 5.3 Anglo Saxon synthesis and components (AD 410 – 1066) ................................................... 45 5.4 Medieval synthesis and components (1066-1536) ................................................................ 50 5.5 Post medieval synthesis and components (1536-1800) ........................................................ 58 5.6 Modern synthesis and components (1800-Present) .............................................................. 63 6 Historic Urban Zones..................................................................................................................... 73 6.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................. 73 6.2 Historic Urban Zones ............................................................................................................. 73 6.3 Archaeological Assessment................................................................................................... 73 6.4 Period:.................................................................................................................................... 74 6.5 Survival:.................................................................................................................................. 75 6.6 Potential: ................................................................................................................................ 75 6.7 Group Value: .......................................................................................................................... 75 6.8 Diversity:................................................................................................................................. 75 6.9 Historic Settlement ................................................................................................................. 77 6.10 Modern Settlement................................................................................................................. 85 II ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................................................. 89 7 Summary and Potential ................................................................................................................. 89 7.1 Conservation Areas (CA) ....................................................................................................... 91 7.2 Scheduled Ancient Monuments (SAMs) ................................................................................ 91 7.3 Historic Character .................................................................................................................. 91 7.4 Archaeological Potential......................................................................................................... 91 III RESEARCH AGENDA.................................................................................................................92 8 Research Agenda ........................................................................................................................... 92 9 References ...................................................................................................................................... 94 9.1 Map Sources .......................................................................................................................... 94 9.2 Trade Directories.................................................................................................................... 94 9.3 Bibliography............................................................................................................................ 94 9.4 Websites................................................................................................................................. 98 10 Addresses ................................................................................................................................... 98 11 Appendix 1: Chronology & Glossary of Terms ..................................................................... 100 11.1 Chronology (taken from Unlocking Buckinghamshire’s Past Website)................................ 100 11.2 Glossary of Terms................................................................................................................ 100 12 Appendix 2: HER Records ....................................................................................................... 102 12.1 Monuments HER Report...................................................................................................... 102 12.2 Landscapes HER Reports.................................................................................................... 106 12.3 Find Spots ............................................................................................................................ 106 12.4 Listed Buildings .................................................................................................................... 109 13 Appendix 3: Trade Listings and Population Data ................................................................. 113 14 Appendix 4: Historical Consultancy Report .......................................................................... 115 2 Newport Pagnell Historic Town Assessment Draft Report 1 List of Illustrations Figure 1: Urban Character Zones for Newport Pagnell.............................................................................6 Figure 2: Newport Pagnell in location...................................................................................................... 10 Figure 3: Geology of town (BGS) ............................................................................................................ 12 Figure 4: Diagram of Connections from Newport Pagnell (representational only).................................. 13 Figure 5: Town in the wider historic landscape using routes and Bucks HLC ........................................ 15 Figure 6: Settlement around Newport Pagnell ........................................................................................ 16 Figure 7: Graph showing population changes in Newport Pagnell (excluding 1941, 1981 & 1991)....... 18 Figure 8: Town in the 1880s to 1920s ..................................................................................................... 19 Figure 9: The town in the post war to modern period.............................................................................. 20 Figure 10: 1644 plan of Newport Pagnell by C. Vandenboome.............................................................. 21 Figure 11: Listed Buildings in Newport Pagnell by century ..................................................................... 22 Figure 12: Historic maps from Clockwise: Thomas Jefferys’s Map depicting Newport