Final Report Air Quality Assessment Deltaport Terminal, Road and Rail Improvement Project Prepared for: Port Metro Vancouver 100 The Pointe, 999 Canada Place Vancouver, BC V6C 3T4 Prepared by: SENES Consultants Limited 1338 West Broadway, Suite 303 Vancouver, BC V6H 1H2 October 2012 (Blank Page) AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT DELTAPORT TERMINAL, ROAD AND RAIL IMPROVEMENT PROJECT Prepared for: Port Metro Vancouver 100 The Pointe, 999 Canada Place Vancouver, BC Canada V6C 3T4 Prepared by: SENES Consultants Limited 1338 West Broadway, Suite 303 Vancouver, B.C. V6H 1H2 October 2012 Printed on Recycled Paper Containing Post-Consumer Fibre AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT DELTAPORT TERMINAL, ROAD AND RAIL IMPROVEMENT PROJECT Prepared for: Port Metro Vancouver 100 The Pointe, 999 Canada Place Vancouver, BC Canada V6C 3T4 Prepared by: SENES Consultants Limited 1338 West Broadway, Suite 303 Vancouver, B.C. V6H 1H2 _____________________________ _____________________________ Bohdan W. Hrebenyk, M.Sc. Sandy Willis, M.Eng., P.Eng. Manager, B.C. Office Senior Environmental Engineer October 2012 Printed on Recycled Paper Containing Post-Consumer Fibre Air Quality Assessment Deltaport Terminal, Road and Rail Improvement Project TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................... vii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................x 1.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 1-1 2.0 AIR QUALITY IN THE LOWER FRASER VALLEY.................................................. 2-1 2.1 Air Quality trends ................................................................................................ 2-1 2.1.1 Carbon Monoxide (CO) ........................................................................... 2-1 2.1.2 Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)............................................................................ 2-2 2.1.3 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) ............................................................................. 2-3 2.1.4 Ground-level Ozone (O3) ......................................................................... 2-4 2.1.5 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) ..................................................... 2-5 2.1.6 Ammonia (NH3) ....................................................................................... 2-6 2.1.7 Greenhouse Gases (GHG) ........................................................................ 2-6 2.1.8 Particulate Matter (PM10 and PM2.5) ........................................................ 2-6 2.2 Air Quality in Tsawwassen .................................................................................. 2-8 2.3 Hourly Averaged Concentrations ...................................................................... 2-12 2.4 8-Hour and Daily Averaged Concentrations...................................................... 2-18 2.5 Summary ............................................................................................................ 2-20 3.0 REGULATORY INITIATIVES IN FUTURE EMISSION SCENARIOS ..................... 3-1 3.1 Marine Engines .................................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 Cargo Handling Equipment (CHE) ...................................................................... 3-2 3.2.1 DTRRIP CHE .......................................................................................... 3-2 3.2.2 CEA CHE................................................................................................. 3-2 3.3 On-Road Vehicles ................................................................................................ 3-2 3.3.1 Container Trucks ...................................................................................... 3-3 3.3.2 Employee-owned Vehicles ...................................................................... 3-3 3.4 Rail Locomotives ................................................................................................. 3-4 4.0 DTRRIP EMISSION INVENTORY ASSESSMENT..................................................... 4-1 4.1 DTRRIP Annual Emission Inventory .................................................................. 4-1 380220 - October 2012 i SENES Consultants Limited Air Quality Assessment Deltaport Terminal, Road and Rail Improvement Project 4.1.1 DTRRIP Local Annual Emissions ........................................................... 4-5 4.1.2 DTRRIP Regional Annual Emissions .................................................... 4-15 4.2 Construction Phase Emissions ........................................................................... 4-24 5.0 EMISSION INVENTORY FOR CUMULATIVE EFFECTS ASSESSMENT .............. 5-1 5.1 CEA Local Annual Emission Inventory .............................................................. 5-1 5.2 CEA Regional Annual Emission Inventory ....................................................... 5-11 5.3 Fugitive Coal Dust Emissions ............................................................................ 5-20 5.4 VAFFC Emission Inventory .............................................................................. 5-23 6.0 SHORT-TERM LOCAL EMISSIONS ASSESSMENT ................................................. 6-1 6.1 Hourly DTRRIP Local Emission Inventory ........................................................ 6-3 6.2 Daily DTRRIP Local Emission Inventory ......................................................... 6-12 6.3 Hourly CEA Local Emission Inventory ............................................................. 6-21 6.4 Daily CEA Emission Inventory ......................................................................... 6-30 6.5 Emissions Along Major Road and Rail Corridors ............................................. 6-39 6.5.1 DTRRIP Roadside Emissions ................................................................ 6-39 6.5.2 DTRRIP Rail Corridor Emissions ......................................................... 6-42 6.5.3 CEA Roadside Emission Rates .............................................................. 6-43 6.5.4 CEA Rail Corridor Emissions ................................................................ 6-46 7.0 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY IMPACTS ASSESSMENT ................................................ 7-1 7.1 Anticipated Changes in Air Quality at Station T39 ............................................. 7-1 7.1.1 Source-Receptor Relationships at English Bluff ..................................... 7-1 7.1.2 DTRRIP Hourly Emission Scenarios....................................................... 7-4 7.1.3 DTRRIP Daily Emissions Scenarios ....................................................... 7-7 7.1.4 CEA Hourly Emission Scenarios ............................................................. 7-9 7.1.5 CEA Daily Emission Scenarios ............................................................. 7-12 7.2 CEA Fugitive Coal Dust Impacts on Air Quality in Tsawwassen ..................... 7-14 7.3 Anticipated Changes in Air Quality along Road and Rail Corridors................. 7-15 7.3.1 DTRRIP Roadside Air Quality Impacts ................................................ 7-17 7.3.2 DTRRIP Rail Corridor Air Quality Impacts .......................................... 7-31 7.3.3 CEA Roadside Air Quality Impacts ....................................................... 7-38 7.3.4 CEA Rail Corridor Air Quality Impacts ................................................ 7-53 7.4 Fugitive Dust from Coal Trains ......................................................................... 7-58 380220 - October 2012 ii SENES Consultants Limited Air Quality Assessment Deltaport Terminal, Road and Rail Improvement Project 8.0 DTRRIP CONSTRUCTION PHASE EMISSIONS ........................................................ 8-1 9.0 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................ 9-1 LIST OF TABLES Page No. Table 1.1 – Case Cargo Volume Comparison ............................................................................. 1-3 Table 2.1 – Observed 1-hour Average Concentrations (µg/m3) for Station T39 (June 2010 – May 2011) ................................................................................................................................ 2-13 Table 2.2 – Observed 8-hour & 24-hour Average Concentrations (µg/m3) for Station T39 (June 2010 – May 2011) .............................................................................................................. 2-19 Table 3.1 – TLS Program Requirements for Trucks at Port Metro Vancouver ........................... 3-3 Table 4.1 – DTRRIP Local Annual Emissions, tonnes/year ....................................................... 4-8 Table 4.2 – DTRRIP Regional Annual Emissions, tonnes/year ................................................ 4-17 Table 5.1 – CEA Local Annual Emissions, tonnes/year .............................................................. 5-4 Table 5.2 – CEA Regional Annual Emissions, tonnes/year ...................................................... 5-13 Table 5.3 – Estimated Fugitive Coal Dust Emissions from the Westshore Terminal ............... 5-21 Table 5.4 – Summary of Net Emission Changes due to VAFFC .............................................. 5-23 Table 6.1 – Assumptions on Daily and Hourly Activities at Roberts Bank ................................ 6-2 Table 6.2 – Maximum Hourly DTRRIP Emissions,