Dædalus coming up in Dædalus: Dædalus on sex Joan Roughgarden, Terry Castle, Steven Marcus, Elizabeth Benedict, Brian Charlesworth, Lawrence Cohen, Anne Fausto-Sterling, Tim Journal of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences Birkhead, Catharine MacKinnon, Margo Jefferson, and Stanley A. Corngold Winter 2007 on capitalism Joyce Appleby, John C. Bogle, Lucian Bebchuk, Robert W. Fogel, Winter 2007: on nonviolence & violence Winter 2007: on nonviolence & democracy Jerry Z. Muller, Richard Epstein, Benjamin M. Friedman, John Dunn, Robin Blackburn, and Gerhard Loewenberg on William H. McNeill Violence & its historical limits 5 nonviolence Steven A. LeBlanc Why warfare? 13 & violence on life Anthony Kenny, Thomas Laqueur, Shai Lavi, Lorraine Daston, Paul Jonathan Schell Rabinow, Robert P. George, Robert J. Richards, Nikolas Rose, John & Robert S. Boynton People’s power vs. nuclear power 22 Broome, Jeff McMahan, and Adrian Woolfson Mark Juergensmeyer Gandhi vs. terrorism 30 Neil L. Whitehead Violence & the cultural order 40 on the public interest William Galston, E. J. Dionne, Jr., Seyla Benhabib, Jagdish Bhagwati, Adam Wolfson, Lance Taylor, Gary Hart, Nathan Glazer, Robert N. Tzvetan Todorov Avant-gardes & totalitarianism 51 Bellah, Nancy Rosenblum, Amy Gutmann, and Christine Todd Adam Michnik The Ultras of moral revolution 67 Whitman Cindy D. Ness The rise in female violence 84 Mia Bloom Female suicide bombers 94 on nature Leo Marx, William Cronon, Cass Sunstein, Daniel Kevles, Bill Robert H. Mnookin Negotiating conflict: Belgium & Israel 103 McKibben, Harriet Ritvo, Gordon Orians, Camille Parmesan, Margaret Schabas, and Philip Tetlock & Michael Oppenheimer James G. Blight & janet M. Lang Robert McNamara: then & now 120 on cosmopolitanism Martha C. Nussbaum, Stanley Hoffmann, Margaret C. Jacob, A. A. Long, Pheng Cheah, Darrin McMahon, Helena Rosenblatt, Samuel annals David Jewitt & Jane X. Luu Pluto, perception & politics 132 Scheffler, Arjun Appadurai, Rogers Smith, Peter Brooks, and Craig Calhoun Owen Gingerich Planetary perils in Prague 137 poetry John Kinsella Into the Sun 141 plus poetry by Charles Simic, Lawrence Dugan, Molly McQuade, Ted Richer &c.; ½ction by Peggy Newland &c.; and notes by Omer ½ction Peggy Shinner Life is Adequate 143 Bartov, Samuel Weber, Susan Goldin-Meadow, William F. Baker, Harriet Ritvo, Phyllis Coley &c. notes Robert I. Rotberg on improving governance 152 Susan T. Fiske on prejudice & the brain 156 Daron Acemoglu & James A. Robinson on the economic roots of democracy 160 U.S. $13; www.amacad.org Inside front cover: Mahatma Gandhi, April 5, 1930, leading a march to the sea to make salt in de½- ance of the British salt monopoly. A living sym- bol of his nation’s indomitable will, Gandhi pre- ferred peaceful demonstrations of popular senti- ment to a violent show of force: “You can chain me,” he said, “you can torture me, you can even destroy this body, but you will never imprison my mind.” In the struggle to free India from Brit- ish rule, Gandhi favored large displays of “people power” to any recourse to violence, including the use of torture against the movement’s enemies. See Mark Juergensmeyer on Gandhi vs. terrorism, pages 30–39: “Torture, from Gandhi’s point of view, is ineffective . because it corrupts the moral character of a society that allows it to be used.” Image © Bettmann/Corbis. James Miller, Editor of Dædalus Phyllis S. Bendell, Managing Editor and Director of Publications Esther Y. Chen, Assistant Editor Board of editors Steven Marcus, Editor of the Academy Russell Banks, Fiction Adviser Rosanna Warren, Poetry Adviser Joyce Appleby (u.s. history, ucla), Stanley Hoffmann (government, Harvard), Donald Kennedy (environmental science, Stanford), Martha C. Nussbaum (law and philosophy, Chicago), Neil J. Smelser (sociology, Berkeley), Steven Weinberg (physics, University of Texas at Austin); ex of½cio: Emilio Bizzi (President of the Academy), Leslie Cohen Berlowitz (Chief Executive Of½cer) Editorial advisers Daniel Bell (sociology, Harvard), Michael Boudin (law, u.s. Court of Appeals), Wendy Doniger (religion, Chicago), Howard Gardner (education, Harvard), Carol Gluck (Asian history, Columbia), Stephen Greenblatt (English, Harvard), Thomas Laqueur (European history, Berkeley), Alan Lightman (English and physics, mit), Steven Pinker (psychology, Harvard), Diane Ravitch (education, nyu), Amartya Sen (economics, Harvard), Richard Shweder (human development, Chicago), Frank Wilczek (physics, mit) Contributing Editors Robert S. Boynton, D. Graham Burnett, Peter Pesic, Danny Postel Dædalus is designed by Alvin Eisenman Dædalus Journal of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences The labyrinth designed by Daedalus for King Minos of Crete, on a silver tetradrachma from Cnossos, Crete, c. 350–300 b.c. (35 mm, Cabinet des Médailles, Bibliothèque National, Paris). “Such was the work, so intricate the place, / That scarce the workman all its turns cou’d trace; / And Daedalus was puzzled how to ½nd / The secret ways of what himself design’d.”–Ovid, Metamorphoses, Book 8 Dædalus was founded in 1955 and established as a quarterly in 1958. The journal’s namesake was renowned in ancient Greece as an inventor, scientist, and unriddler of riddles. Its emblem, a maze seen from above, symbolizes the aspiration of its founders to “lift each of us above his cell in the labyrinth of learning in order that he may see the entire structure as if from above, where each separate part loses its comfortable separateness.” The American Academy of Arts & Sciences, like its journal, brings together distinguished individuals from every ½eld of human endeavor. It was chartered in 1780 as a forum “to cultivate every art and science which may tend to advance the interest, honour, dignity, and happiness of a free, independent, and virtuous people.” Now in its third century, the Academy, with its more than four thousand elected members, continues to provide intellectual leadership to meet the critical challenges facing our world. Dædalus Winter 2007 Subscription rates: Electronic only for non- Issued as Volume 136, Number 1 member individuals–$40; institutions–$92. Canadians add 6% gst. Print and electronic © 2007 by the American Academy for nonmember individuals–$44; institu- of Arts & Sciences tions–$102. Canadians add 6% gst. Outside Female suicide bombers: a global trend the United States and Canada add $20 for © 2007 by Mia Bloom postage and handling. Prices subject to change Ethnic conflicts: Flemings & Walloons, without notice. Palestinians & Israelis © 2007 by Robert H. Mnookin Institutional subscriptions are on a volume- Into the Sun year basis. All other subscriptions begin with © 2007 by John Kinsella the next available issue. Life is Adequate Single issues: current issues–$13; back issues © 2007 by Peggy Shinner for individuals–$13; back issues for institu- Editorial of½ces: Dædalus, Norton’s Woods, tions–$26. Outside the United States and 136 Irving Street, Cambridge ma 02138. Canada add $5 per issue for postage and han- Phone: 617 491 2600. Fax: 617 576 5088. dling. Prices subject to change without notice. Email: [email protected]. Newsstand distribution by Ingram Periodicals Library of Congress Catalog No. 12-30299 Inc., 18 Ingram Blvd., La Vergne tn 37086. Phone: 800 627 6247. isbn 0-87724-061-2 Claims for missing issues will be honored free Dædalus publishes by invitation only and as- of charge if made within three months of the sumes no responsibility for unsolicited manu- publication date of the issue. Claims may be scripts. The views expressed are those of the submitted to [email protected]. Mem- author of each article, and not necessarily of bers of the American Academy please direct all the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. questions and claims to [email protected]. issn e-issn Dædalus ( 0011-5266; 1548-6192) Advertising and mailing-list inquiries may be is published quarterly (winter, spring, summer, mit mit ma addressed to Marketing Department, fall) by The Press, Cambridge 02142, Press Journals, 238 Main Street, Suite 500, for the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Cambridge ma 02142. Phone: 617 253 2866. An electronic full-text version of Dædalus is mit Fax: 617 258 5028. Email: journals-info@ available from The Press. Subscription mit.edu. and address changes should be addressed to mit Press Journals, 238 Main Street, Suite 500, Permission to photocopy articles for internal Cambridge ma 02142. Phone: 617 253 2889; or personal use is granted by the copyright us/Canada 800 207 8354. Fax: 617 577 1545. owner for users registered with the Copyright Email: [email protected]. Clearance Center (ccc) Transactional Report- ing Service, provided that the per copy fee Printed in the United States of America by of $10 per article is paid directly to the ccc, Cadmus Professional Communications, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers ma 01923. The Science Press Division, 300 West Chestnut pa fee code for users of the Transactional Report- Street, Ephrata 17522. ing Service is 0011-5266/07. Address all other Postmaster: Send address changes to Dædalus, inquiries to the Subsidiary Rights Manager, 238 Main Street, Suite 500, Cambridge ma mit Press Journals, 238 Main Street, Suite 500, 02142. Periodicals postage paid at Boston ma Cambridge ma 02142. Phone: 617 253 2864. and at additional mailing of½ces. Fax: 617 258 5028. Email: journals-rights@ mit.edu. The typeface is Cycles, designed by Sumner Stone at the Stone Type Foundry of Guinda ca. Each size of Cycles has been separately designed in the tradition