規 劃 與 拓 展 Planning Planning Vol. & 31 Development 20120176 Planning and Development 規劃與拓展 Vol . 3 1 , 香港規劃師學會期刊 香港規劃師學會 201 www.hkip.org.hk 7 Journal of the Hong Kong Institute of Planners Hong Kong Institute of Planners 規劃與拓展 Planning and Development 香 港 規 劃 師 學 會 期 刊 二零一七 年 第 三 十 一 卷 Journal of the Hong Kong Institute of Planners Volume 31, 2017 HKIP EDITORIAL COMMITTEE CHIEF EDITOR Message From the Editors Dr. Kenneth Tang 1 HON. EDITOR FEATURE Being More Precise About the ‘Smart’ in Smart Cities Prof. Sidney WONG 3 Chris Webster COMMITTEE MEMBERS Dr. Mee-kam NG Enabling a Smarter Hong Kong with Geographic Dr. Joanna LEE Mr. Kim CHAN Information Systems 25 Ms. Lily YAM Ms. Jannie LEUNG Winnie Tang Mr. Yee-ming FU Ms. Jacqueline CHEUK Mr. Adrian CHIU Vision of ITS to Enable Smarter Hong Kong Ms. Amanda Yu Sam Pang 43 HKIP COUNCIL (2016-17) COLUMN PRESIDENT Jumping on the Bandwagon of Smart City Dr. Eunice H.C. MAK 50 Jimmy C F Leung VICE-PRESIDENTS Ms. Fiona S.Y. LUNG Mr. Kenneth L.K. TO The Challenge of Getting 'Smart' 58 HON. SECRETARY Andrew Lam Ms. Caroline Y.M. CHAN HON. TREASURER Is Smart City Smart? Mr. Cho Ming LI Betty Ho 61 STUDENT IMMEDIATE PAST PRESIDENT Mr. Raymond K.W. LEE Smart City Development in Hong Kong HKU Students 64 COUNCIL MEMBERS Mr. Billy W.M AU-YEUNG Mr. Kim On CHAN A Land Supply Framework for Hong Kong Mr. Ivan M.K. CHUNG 79 Ms. Alice Y.C. LIU CU Students Miss. Sam H.N. LOK Prof. Bo Sin TANG NEWS Dr. Kenneth S.S. TANG Introduction of Honorary Members Ms. Erica S.M. WONG 96 Ms. Rebecca S.W. WONG Ir. Dr. Owen L.F. YUE HKIP Awards 2016 STUDENT REPRESENTATIVES 104 Mr. Benson K.C LAU List of HKIP Members as at November 2016 Miss Vidyan P.S. NG 113 List of Registered Professional Planners as at January 2017 119 + Message from the Editors “Smart City” is not just a catchphrase of today. It is a strategic direction and a strong commitment to enhance the quality of living of city dwellers by applying Information Communication Technology (ICT) to various aspects of a city. According to Boyd Cohen, an urban strategist, Smart City can be divided into six major components, namely Smart Economy, Smart Environment, Smart People, Smart Mobility, Smart Living, and Smart Government. In view of this important trend, the current issue of our Journal (Vol. 31) is devoted to the theme of “Smart City Development”. In the feature articles, renowned experts in this field share their insights on Smart City Development. Prof. Chris Webster and his co-authors showcase a few notable projects conducted by the researchers of the HKU UrbanLab on smart city planning and implementation. Together, they demonstrate inter alia how “Smart Healthy Cities” could be achieved through better knowledge, smarter analytics, fuller use of data, and successful implementation of policies and regulations. Readers would appreciate that in order to preserve individual characteristics, each project has slightly different styles and formats. The article written by Dr. Winnie Tang, Chair of the Steering Committee of the Smart City Consortium, provides insights into the application of Geographic Information System (GIS) to empower cities to be smarter. On the other hand, Ir. Sam Pang, President of the Hong Kong Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), enlightens readers on the significance of ITS in Smart City Development and how it could enhance the existing transport infrastructure. Our three columnists share their views on the concepts pertaining to Smart City Development. Jimmy Leung puts forward a framework for developing Hong Kong into a smarter city. Betty Ho’s view is that a truly smart city should be value-driven, emphasizing the predominant position of people and nature in smart city development. Andrew Lam brings up the major challenges that Hong Kong will face in the transformation of becoming smart. Two papers are selected for the Student Corner — one by CUHK students on “Land Supply”, 1 an assignment for the urban planning workshop; and another one is a summary of the final report on “Smart City Development in Hong Kong” written by HKU students for the project assignment of the MSc (Urban Planning) Course “Regional and Territorial Planning Studio”. Last but not least, we are pleased to include two special sections in the current issue — the coverage on the 2016 HKIP Award winners and the introduction on the two newly elected Honorary HKIP members, Prof. Roger Bristow and Dr. Shi Nan. Editorial Board March 2017 2 FEATURE BEING MORE PRECISE ABOUT THE ‘SMART’ IN SMART CITIES Modified from Timmy Kwong Chris Webster1, Alain Chiaradia1, John Gallacher2, Jianxiang Huang1, Bin Jiang1, Sarika Kumari1, Scott Melbourne1, Michael Yuxuan Ni3, Matthew Pryor1, Chinmoy Sarkar1, William C Sullivan4, Guibo Sun1, Dorothy Tang1, Xiaohu Zhang1 1 HKUrbanLab, The research arm of Faculty of Architecture, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; 2 Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University; 3 School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; 4 Department of Landscape Architecture, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States neighbourhood, zero-carbon neighbourhood, What is a smart city? carbon-positive neighbourhood, gated 1 community, private community, healthy city From an urban planner’s perspective, the and others ideas that did not have quite so Smart City may seem nothing more than a catchy labels and resonant rationale. As latest conceptual fad. It follows a long list of well as its famed New Towns, Hong Kong model city ideas such as model workers has its own Healthy Village (1966) and a suburb, garden city, garden suburb, Model Housing Estate (1954), both in North neighbourhood unit, new town, socialist city, Point. We view this as a list of experimental company town, eco-city, low carbon 3 utopias. These are the ones that made it to wired-up and App-enhanced city, may be some form of implementation. Others were better or may be worse than a city that is merely radical propositions from political less ICT-enabled. Whether ‘smart’ improves entrepreneurs. It is challenging and a city depends entirely on the use that is instructive to note that most were not made of ICT. What makes the concept slip invented by professional planners (noting into the list of model-city concepts is the that the idea of a professional planner has application of values, norms and goals. So changed its meaning over the past 150 equating smart with efficiency or with years or so during which these model towns fairness or with innovativeness, give it a have been imagined). One reason why they purpose and potentially renders the smart have made it into the lexicon of planning city a new kind of utopian statement. So let’s ideas is that they resonated with society at unpack what that could mean. large. Successful ideas in any profession or knowledge domain are usually those that Smart to what end and by have been tested by other professions and what route? disciplines and by producers and 2 consumers of knowledge and products ICT could be embraced to give a more widely. We note that utopias government more control over its people. In constructed on political ideals, such as the extreme, a smart city could be dystopian, Robert Owen’s ‘New Harmony Indiana’ as in George Orwell’s 1984 (2012) and (1825) and Levitt Brothers’ ‘Levittown, PA.’ Suzanne Collins’ The Hunger Games (2008). (1929), have been amongst the least smart The dominant rhetoric in today’s smart city ideas, mainly because of their ideological talk, is, thankfully, efficiency, not power and naivety. control. This is safe ground since few would dissent from the idea that a more efficient city is a better city since it implies less …utopias constructed on wastage of scarce resources, more wealth political ideals... generation and greater financial ability to address equity, externalities and other distributional issues. The concept of a smart city, we would suggest, is somewhat different from the rest. Having agreed on this, ICT may be applied At its simplest, it means merely, a city to make the operations of urban government enhanced by Information and more efficient or it may be applied to make Communications Technology (ICT). In itself, the operations of markets and other modes this is not utopian. It is technocratic and of private transactions more efficient. value-independent. A smart city, meaning a Imagine an urban government with limited 4 budget to invest in ICT. Should it invest in a private and social gains from ICT innovation. new computer system to collect taxes, or to To imagine the possibilities and sketch out manage the regulations governing vehicular priorities, the easiest approach is to focus registration and annual safety checks or on the most pressing urban problems. should it use it for a road pricing system? Pressing urban problems indicate efficiency One ICT application enhances government gaps in the way society currently orders its administration, the other enhances cities. These can be characterized as individual resource decisions in the various forms of congestion, all of which consumption of scarce urban resources have efficiency, equity and environmental (road space). Of course, the efficiency of a consequences. Housing market congestion city can be enhanced through both kinds of leads to affordability problems (Hong Kong). public investment in smart technology. The Transport market congestion leads to loss of discussion can go further in considering economic value and environmental ‘smart’ in pursuit of ‘efficiency’ vs ‘efficacy’.