Natural History Sciences. Atti Soc. it. Sci. nat. Museo civ. Stor. nat. Milano, 7 (2): 57-68, 2020 DOI: 10.4081/nhs.2020.480 Annotated checklist of the herpetofauna (Amphibia, Reptilia) of Lefkada Island (Ionian Islands, Greece) Roberto Sindaco1*, Roberta Rossi1 Abstract - The island of Lefkada is a popular and easily accessible INTRODUCTION tourist destination; nevertheless, there is no comprehensive checklist Lefkada is the fourth largest island of the Ionian Ar- of its interesting herpetofauna. Indeed, most records are old, scattered 2 in different papers, and lacking precise locality data. In order to sum- chipelago, with an area of 335.8 km (Fig. 1). It is con- marize the knowledge on the herpetofauna of the island, we critically nected to the mainland by a long causeway and a floating reviewed literature, we looked for reliable records in the web and we bridge. The island is mountainous (the highest point is carried out a field survey in May 2019. Mount Stavrota, 1182 m a.s.l.), with few flat areas, mainly The herpetofauna of Lefkada amounts to 28 species (six amphibians and located near the coast. Hydrography is poorly developed, 22 reptiles). The occurrence of Testudo graeca on the island is considered consisting of few, mostly temporary, streams. Freshwater unlikely, while an additional species, Testudo marginata, is here reported based on web sources. Among the species recorded on the island, 25 have bodies are scarce, with a single natural lake (Marantocho- been recently confirmed, two of them (Rana dalmatina and Anguis graeca) ri) and very few small artificial waterbodies. The climate over a century. For three species (Lissotriton graecus, Chelonia mydas, is typically Mediterranean, characterized by hot summers and Podarcis tauricus) the last records date back to over 30 years ago. with pronounced drought periods as well as humid and mild winters. Most of the rocks are limestones, with small Key words: Amphibians, insular herpetology, Mediterranean islands, reptiles. areas of clay, sandstone, and flysch. The vegetation is luxu- riant, although remodeled by centuries of agriculture and pasture, as shown by the abundant olive groves, shrubland Riassunto - Checklist annotata dell’erpetofauna (Amphibia, Repti- and grazed garrigues, and the widespread presence of dry lia) dell’isola di Lefkada (Isole Ionie, Grecia). stone walls. L’isola di Lefkada è una rinomata meta turistica facilmente accessi- bile, ciononostante non esiste una checklist comprensiva sulla sua inte- The herpetofauna of Lefkada is the least known among ressante fauna erpetologica. Infatti, la maggior parte delle segnalazioni the main Ionian Islands, and an annotated checklist is not è datata, dispersa in diverse riviste e priva di indicazioni sulle località di ritrovamento. Al fine di riassumere le conoscenze sull’erpetofauna dell’isola, è stata rivista criticamente la letteratura scientifica, sono stati cercati dati attendibili su internet e sono state condotte ricerche sul campo nel maggio 2019. L’erpetofauna di Lefkada è composta da 28 specie (sei anfibi e 22 rettili). La presenza di Testudo graeca sull’isola è considerata improba- bile, mentre è riportata per la prima volta Testudo marginata, sulla base di informazioni disponibili sul web. Tra le specie presenti sull’isola, 25 sono state confermate in anni recenti, tra cui due, Rana dalmatina e Anguis graeca, a distanza di oltre un secolo dalla prima segnalazione. Per tre specie (Lissotriton graecus, Chelonia mydas e Podarcis tauri- cus) mancano conferme da oltre 30 anni. Parole chiave: anfibi, erpetologia insulare, Isole del Mediterraneo, rettili. 1 Via Fatebenefratelli 4, 10137 Torino, Italy. E-mail: [email protected] * Corresponding author: [email protected] © 2020 Roberto Sindaco, Roberta Rossi Received: 23 September 2020 Accepted for publication: 28 October 2020 Online publication: 18 November 2020 Fig. 1 - Position of Lefkada with respect to Greece. / Posizione di Lef- kada rispetto alla Grecia. 58 Roberto SINDACO, Roberta ROSSI available. Indeed, most herpetological records of Lefkada accuracy), references, and links are reported in the online are old and scattered in different papers; moreover, most Supplementary File. Distribution maps are shown in the of the records are generically referred to the island, la- Appendix 1, along with a species richness map on 1 by 1 cking detailed locality data. km grid. The first contribution on its herpetofauna (called with its ancient Venetian name “Santa Maura”) is by De Betta (1868), who lists four species collected by A. Ninni and, AMPHIBIA Linnaeus, 1758 erroneously, Discoglossus pictus. Werner (1894) found CAUDATA Scopoli, 1777 personally in “Santa Maura” nine species. Lehrs (1912) SALAMANDRIDAE Goldfuss, 1820 found on “Leukas” five species. Werner (1912) summari- Lissotriton graecus (Wolterstorff, 1906) zes the knowledge on the herpetofauna of Ionian Islands, This newt was recorded by Werner (1894: 235) for without adding original data. Werner (1929) reported on “Santa Maura” and in two locations by Broggi (1994: 30) the findings made in 1926 and 1929 by M. Beier. Later in 1986. Not reported ever since. Werner (1938) reports for the first timeHemidactylus tur- cicus, also collected on the island by M. Beier. Ondrias ANURA Duméril, 1805 (1968), in its list of Greek amphibians and reptiles, re- BUFONIDAE Gray, 1825 ports for the first time Natrix natrix, without providing Bufo bufo (Linnaeus, 1758) details on the source. In its monograph on Ionian Islan- Reported in literature only by Werner (1894: 234). ds herpetofauna, Keymar (1986) quotes as “safe, proven We found a dead on road specimen near Agios Petros occurrence” on “Levkas” six species of amphibians and (23/5/2019), and thousands of tadpoles in a pond south of 12 of reptiles, not adding original data. Chondropoulos Kalamitsi (25/5/2019) (Fig. 2A). There are several citizen (1986, 1989) summarizes the knowledge on Greek repti- sciences records from the following places: Apollonioi les, and adds two new species to the island checklist, both (15/2/2020 and 6/3/2019); Athani (7/9/2019); Maranto- based on personal observations. Broggi (1994) reports its chori (egg string; 12, 20 and 21/1/2019); Ponti Ag. Petrou personal findings made in 1986 and reports for the island (26/4/2019); Sivros (29/1/2019); Vasiliki (mating adults 10 species, two of them new for the island. According to and tadpoles; 21/1/2019, 11/4/2019, 13/11/2019); Vourni- the maps by Valakos et al. (2008), five amphibians and 17 kas (5/2/2019). non-marine reptiles occur on the island. Recently Schmid (2019) reports on two field trips made in 2016 and 2018, Bufotes viridis (Laurenti, 1768) and lists 15 species, not providing localities or dates. First reported in Lefkada by Werner (1929: 479) and The aim of this study is to summarize and update the then by Broggi (1994: 30) and Schmid (2019: 76). knowledge on the Lefkada herpetofauna. Citizen science data are available from near Apol- lonioi (16/9/2019, 16/2/2020), Athani (4/11/2019), Li- gia (12/4/2019) and Vasiliki (9/4/2019, 16/11/2019, MATERIALS AND METHODS 6/3/2020). In order to summarize the knowledge on the Lefkada herpetofauna, literature has been critically reviewed, as HYLIDAE Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1815 well as reliable information sources on the Web (citizen Hyla arborea (Linnaeus, 1758) science portals, field-trip reports, pictures, forums etc.) Only reported in literature by Werner (1894: 234). documented by pictures and location. Moreover, the au- We have heard some calls near Nydri (17/5/2019), and thors carried out a field survey in May 2019, spending a chorus of several individuals at Marantochori la- nine days in surveying herpetofauna (14-26/5/2019). The ke (25/5/2019). Reported in citizen science sites near different species were actively searched in suitable habi- Apollonioi (10/6/2019), Athani (6/6/2019) and Vasiliki tats (Visual Encounter Survey, VES) when active, or un- (29/1/2019). der logs and rocks, and along road transects by day and night. Species have been identified in the field, using the RANIDAE Batsch, 1796 following field guides: Arnold & Ovenden (2004), Vala- Rana dalmatina Fitzinger, 1838 kos et al. (2008), Speybroeck et al. (2016). Only reported in literature by Werner (1929: 479). Most of individuals were photographed (Figs. 2 and This old record is confirmed almost a century later by a 3) and observations were recorded on the citizen science citizen science record from near Apollonioi (25/1/2020), portal iNaturalist (www.inaturalist.org). misidintified asRana graeca. In the following list, for polytypic species trinomial nomenclature is adopted. Pelophylax kurtmuelleri (Gayda, 1940) Only reported by Werner (1894: 234, 1929: 234). The authors found it at the Maranthochori lake (17/5/2019), in RESULTS Nydri town (18/5/2019), at Nydri waterfalls (19/5/2019; Overall, about 90 bibliographic records (but only 36 Fig. 2B), at the Livadia reservoir (24/5/2019), north of with location indication), 67 original (by the authors) and Vasiliki (25/5/2019), and between Kortata and Kalamitsi 105 citizen science records (75 with location indication) (25/5/2019). There are some citizen science records from were collected. All data, comprehensive of chresonyms, near Apollonioi (7/11/2019), Marantochori (4/5/2019), localities, dates, observers/collectors, coordinates (and and Vasiliki (16/4/2019, 26/9/2019). Annotated CHECKLIST OF THE herpetofauna (AMPHIBIA, REPTILIA) OF LEFKADA ISLAND (IONIAN ISLANDS, GREECE) 59 REPTILIA Laurenti, 1768 nests, while Vallianos & Grimanis (2013: 5) estimated TESTUDINES Linnaeus, 1758 15 nests on three beaches (Agios Ioannis, Mylos and CHELONIIDAE Oppel, 1811 Gialos). Some photos and videos of Loggerhead Turt- Caretta caretta (Linnaeus, 1758) les taken around Lefkada coasts are available on the Lefkada is known to host some nesting sites of this web. turtle. Margaritoulis et al. (2003: 177) estimated 50 Fig. 2 - Herpetofauna observed by the authors on Lefkada. / Erpetofauna osservata dagli autori a Lefkada. A) Bufo bufo tadpoles.