REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL GEOGRAPHICAL EDUCATION ISSN: 2146-0353 ● © RIGEO ● 11(4), WINTER, 2021 www.rigeo.org Research Article The Leads of The Modernity in Modern Arabic Poetry Hamzah Obayes Janabi1 Kadhim Jasim Mansoor Al-Azzawi2 Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babil- Iraq College of Arts, Dept. of Arabic Language University of Babylon-Iraq [email protected] 1 Corresponding Author: Email: [email protected] Abstract Modernity in our Arabic poetry witnessed an evident development, the emergence of the Muwashah (kind of poetry) among the Andalusians starting a renewal in the structure of Arabic poetry. Since the Abbasid period, a number of poets tried to undermine the old pattern represented by the column of poetry based on the two-part system, and rebelled against the structure of the ancient Arab poem, until the appearance of the Muwashah among the Andalusians as a renewal in the structure of Arabic poetry. The modern era witnessed poetic renewal movements, starts by the poets of the exile, led by Jubran Khalil Jubran, then the Diwan and the Apollo groups as renewal movements called for poetry to reach the highness of poetry, paved the way for free verse, then the prose, and the Wamdhah (a poetic text in different forms) and meditation poetry (haiku). Keywords Modernity, Renewal, Leads, Poetry, Arabic, Meditation. To cite this article: Janabi, M, O.; and Al-Azzawi, K, J, M. (2021) The Leads of The Modernity in Modern Arabic Poetry. Review of International Geographical Education (RIGEO), 11(4), 174-180. doi: 10.48047/rigeo.11.04.14 Submitted: 20-03-2021 ● Revised: 15-04-2021 ● Accepted: 25-05-2021 Janabi, M, O.; and Al-Azzawi, K, J, M. (2021) The Leads of The Modernity in Modern Arabic Poetry … Introduction Modernity is a contemporary feature; it is the destiny of any literature. It is a progressive intellectual awareness that calls for freedom of thought in the traditional sense. It means novelty, continuous experimentation, and conscious renewal. Also, the awareness of the need for change is important for the movement of life. As the literary forms are subject to the change of human and life. The experimenting of the new literary forms has been practiced in our old and modern Arab poetry. Recently, the connection of Arab writers with the West has prompted a search for new methods of poetic expression, which contributed to the creation of a literary renaissance that aims to transcend the dominant poetic achievement. God has endowed this nation with a group of writers who were in fact the pioneers of the modern renaissance and truly represented a movement that connected two generations between an ancient and a modern one, as the load of the renewal movement in Arabic poetry effect on them. This group found its poetry the best way to spread modern concepts and transition to a new life after centuries of stagnation. In this research, we discussed - with a theoretical section - the concept of modernity, then talking about the leads of the modernity in modern Arabic poetry, preceded by a reference to attempts at renewal in the Abbasid and Andalusian eras, in preparation for talking about the leads of modernity at the school of poets of the northern diaspora, the Diwan group and Apollo to free poetry and then a poem prose and the Wamdhah (a poetic text in different forms) and meditation poetry (haiku). The Concept of Modernity The concept of modernity is determined by language in their saying: A thing happened that creates an event and a modernity, and the most recent of it is an innovation and a Hadith, as well as he created it, for the Hadith is the creation of something that did not exist, and the Hadith is the new of things, and I created a report i.e. I found a new story, and the new Hadith is from things, and it is said that the matter is taken. With his newness: his beginning and his beginning, for modernity means novelty and the beginning of the matter and its beginning (Al-Farahidi, 1414 AH). We conclude from this that modernity means (the innovator), which is the antithesis of the old. As for philosophical dictionaries, they grade the term to what corresponds to the spirit of the age in the methods of its new opinions, even if the specifications are outdated (Al-Musawi, 2006). Strength, innovation, and for the owners of the old to abandon everything that does not correspond to the spirit of the age, from outdated traditions and rigid methods” (Voltaire, 2004). In the literary sense, Youssef Al-Khal defines literary modernity as “a movement of creativity that goes along with life in its permanent change and is not based on a time without another. Wherever there is a change in the life we live, our view of things changes [...] Contents and forms go hand in hand, not only in poetry, but in various fields of human activity” (Paz, 1989). Youssef Al- Khal links modernity with creativity, as breaking away from the bonds of tradition, and it is not linked to a specific time. It is an expression of the spirit of the age, a civilized expression, which reflects the poet's penetration in his time, and his fundamental connection to the life around him (Shalabi, 1985). Adonis sees that modernity is “a new vision, which is essentially a vision of questioning and protest: a question about the possible and a protest against the prevailing. The moment of modernity is the moment of tension, that is, the contradiction and clash between the prevailing structures in society and the structures that its profound change requires of the structures that respond to it and adapt to it”(Adonis, 1980). Modernity according to Adonis is a creative vision that destroys old values and transcends them towards the future. It is a method that seeks to change life and "is conscious renewal, which means that modernity is awareness in history, and in fact, and the foundational understanding in it is as radical as the condition of awareness of the role and stage" (Al-Ghadami 2008). Since modernity is a renewal based on prior awareness and will while rejecting imitation, Abu Tammam’s innovations will be equated with al-Sayyab’s, because they both act with prior awareness and the project of each of them is a renewal project (Al-Ghadami 2008). Modernity represents “the focus of human creativity in all of history. Its matter is transmitted as single fragments or a soul, even in the most precious times in antiquity. Indeed, there is no modernity without this continuous discovery of the past, where the present gives its meaning to the creativity of the past, changing it and discovering what is alive and continuing in it” (Al-Azzawi 175 © RIGEO ● Review of International Geographical Education 11(4), WINTER, 2021 2003). In the sense that we change what is in the past to benefit us in our lives to reveal the meaning of life that interests us in a stable way (Shughaidel 2013). Modernity does not have a golden age, or an ideal model, it seeks the new and a strong attraction to the unknown future (Sabila 2004). It is work and anchor, industry and transformation, effort and diligence, continuous construction and installation of the self and continuous civilized movement (Harb, 2005). In our Arab culture, modernity witnessed a clear development in the literary arts, and in all areas of life, whether political, industrial, economic, or cultural. Modernity arose in our Arab society to meet the Arab society's need for renewal and development. It emerged from within the Arab poetic experience, and was not separate from the Arab and human poetic heritage, but rather represented an advanced extension of it, and did not arise in isolation from the trends of renew al and modernity in international poetry (Thamer, 1987). It is the result of awareness of the necessity of change, catching up with civilization and breaking out of stereotypes (Al-Musawi, 2006). The artistic manifestations of Arab modernity were represented in the interpretive dimension and in the attempt to change the prevailing regimes. The Arab man has sought to introduce the various elements of renewal and modernization whose features became clear in the West after the First World War. Arab societies witnessed during that period the reconfiguration of their structures at the level of society, culture and economy (Al-Musawi, 2006). Leads Of the Modernity in Modern Arabic Poetry: The leads of modernity were not heresy in modern Arab poetry. The Leads of modernity in Arab poetry may extend to the Abbasid era, when the Arabs witnessed a great civilized development in all areas of life (Al-Wasiti, 1986). This change and development led to the rebellion of some poets of this era as they went out on the poetry column, and searched for a change in the literary artistic production in form and content. Bashar bin Burd was “one of the most eminent scholars of hadith” (Alhaiadreh, 2020). Abu Nawas was the first to come out on the Talli introduction and break the meaning (Hamid, 1972). Poetry according to Abu Nawas and Abu Tammam is no longer an imitation of an old heritage model, and no longer an imitation of reality, but rather a creation and creativity, in which the poet creates a distance between him and the heritage and between him and reality (Adonis, 1978). Sufism poetry began to grow rapidly and is independent of asceticism, so some poets began talking about divine love and composing poetry in it, and striving themselves in asceticism, and devotion to divine love, and found educational poetry and excelled in it Aban bin Abdul Hamid (Deif, 1986).