TECHNICAL REPORT PATENT ANALYSIS ENHANCIN G PRODUC TIVITY IN THE INDIAN BICYCLE SECTOR TECHNICAL REPORT – PATENT ANALYSIS Enhancing Productivity in the Indian Bicycle Sector DISCLAIMER: Earnest efforts have been made to make the informa- tion furnished in the report as accurate and updated as possible based on available data and other attri- butes of Derwent Innovation, Global design Database and INPASS databases, but the authors or PSCST or PFC-TIFAC or UNIDO shall not be held responsible for any remaining inaccuracies or errors or omissions. All efforts were made to reference and credit the informa- tion/data used in the publication, and lapse, if any, is purely inadvertent and inconsequential. Copyright © United Nations Industrial Development Organization, 2019 This document has been produced without formal United Nations editing. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries, or its economic system or degree of development. Designations such as “developed”, “industrialized” and “developing” are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgment about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process. Mention of firm names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement by UNIDO. The opinions, statistical data and estimates contained in signed articles are the responsibility of the author(s) and should not necessarily be considered as reflecting the views or bearing the endorsement of UNIDO. Although great care has been taken to maintain the accuracy of information herein, neither UNIDO nor its member states assume any responsibility for consequences which may arise from the use of the material. Designed by Athenea International/Omnilang. 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 8 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 9 1 INTRODUCTION 11 2 OVERVIEW OF THE BICYCLE INDUSTRY 15 2.1. Bicycle Industry 15 2.2. Brief History 15 2.3. Manufacturing Process 15 2.4. Major Producers and Markets 16 2.5. History of Bicycle Patents 18 3 PATENT ANALYSIS FOR TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BICYCLE SECTOR (2007-2017) 25 3.1. Aims and Objectives 25 3.2. Strategy 25 3.3. Overview of Bicycle-Related Patents Published Worldwide 26 3.4. Country Wise Trends for Bicycle Patents 30 3.5. Conclusions 39 4 INDUSTRIAL DESIGN ANALYSIS FOR THE BICYCLE SECTOR 41 4.1. Introduction 41 4.2. Methodology 41 4.3. Design Analysis 41 4.4. Analysis of Designs Registered in the Bicycle Sector in India During 2007-2017 43 5 RECENT INNOVATIONS IN THE BICYCLE SECTOR 45 5.1. Introduction 45 5.2. Intelligent Lights for Safety 45 5.3. Electric Assisted Bicycles 46 5.4. 3D Printed Bicycles 47 5.5. ICT Enabled Technologies 48 REFERENCES 51 ANNEXURE 54 Annexure 1. Cycle stands; supports or holders... - IPC B62H 54 Annexure 2. Cycle saddles or seats; accessories... - IPC B62J 68 Annexure 3. Cycles; cycle frames; cycle steering devices... - IPC B62K 80 Annexure 4. Brakes specially adapted for bicycles - IPC B62L 92 Annexure 5. Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles... - IPC B62M 105 Annexure 6. Bibliographic details of representative Industrial Design Registrations 118 LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES Figure 2.1: Global bicycle supply vs. demand ................................................................. 19 Figure 4.1: Top design applicants in the bicycle and bicycle parts sector during 2007-2017 .....44 Figure 2.2: The Celerifere (1792) ....................................................................................20 Figure 4.2: Design registration distribution among bicycle and bicycle parts ....................44 Figure 2.3: The Draisine (1817) ......................................................................................20 Figure 5.1: Intelligent bicycle lights................................................................................48 Figure 2.4: Denis Johnson’s Ladies Walking Machine (1818-19) ....................................... 21 Figure 5.2: Empire’s MX6-R, the only 3D printed bicycle in the world with a 33% lighter Figure 2.5: Pierre Lallement’s Improved Velocipede (US59915A, 1866) .............................22 and six times stronger frame than its aluminium counterpart .........................49 Figure 2.6: James Rankin’s Velocipede (US89341A, 1869) ...............................................22 Figure 2.7: The high-wheeler or penny-farthing, 1873-87 .................................................22 Figure 2.8: McCammon safety bicycle, 1884 .................................................................. 23 Table 3.1: Description of subclasses belonging to IPC/CPC class B62 ...............................28 Figure 2.9: Tandem Bicycle (US415072A, 1897) .............................................................. 23 Table 3.2: Top 15 IPC subclasses for bicycle-related technologies published worldwide in the last 10 years 31 Figure 2.10: A traditional gents’ roadster .......................................................................24 ........................................................................................... Top 15 IPC subclasses for bicycle-related technologies published in China 33 Figure 2.11: Ladies’ roadster of classic design ................................................................24 Table 3.3: ........ Top 15 IPC subclasses for bicycle- related technologies published in Taiwan 35 Figure 3.1: Top 15 countries for innovations in the bicycle sector......................................29 Table 3.4: ..... Top 15 IPC subclasses for bicycle-related technologies published in the USA 37 Figure 3.2: Distribution of global patent records in the bicycle sector w.r.t their legal status ....29 Table 3.5: ..... Top 15 IPC subclasses for bicycle-related technologies published in Korea 39 Figure 3.3: Year wise distribution of patent documents in the last 10 years .......................30 Table 3.6: ........ Figure 3.4: Top 10 global applicant/assignees for technologies in the bicycle sector .........30 Figure 3.5: Top 15 country applicants filing patents for bicycle technologies in China ........ 32 Figure 3.6: Distribution of patent records in the bicycle sector in China w.r.t their legal status ..32 Figure 3.7: Top 10 assignees for patents published in China for bicycle technologies in the last 10 years ................................................................................................ 32 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Figure 3.8: Year wise distribution of patent documents in China in the last 10 years ......... 33 Figure 3.9: Top 15 country applicants filing patents for bicycle technologies in Taiwan ...... 34 Figure 3.10: Distribution of patent records in the bicycle sector in Taiwan w.r.t their legal status . 34 AT Austria IPC International Patent Classification Figure 3.11: Top 10 assignees for patents published in Taiwan for bicycle technologies in Australia Japan the last 10 years ......................................................................................... 34 AU JP Figure 3.12: Year wise distribution of patent documents in Taiwan in the last 10 years ...... 35 BAGB Bicycle Association of Great Britain KR Korea Figure 3.13: Top 15 country applicants filing patents for bicycle technologies in the USA ...36 CA Canada LED Light Emitting Diode Figure 3.14: Distribution of patent records in the bicycle sector in the USA w.r.t their CAGR Compound annual growth rate MCU Micro-programmed Control Unit legal status ..............................................................................................36 CN China MSMEs Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Figure 3.15: Year wise distribution of patent documents in the USA in the last 10 years .....36 CPC Cooperative Patent Classification Patent Cooperation Treaty Figure 3.16: Top 10 assignees for patents published in the USA for bicycle technologies in DE Germany PCT the last 10 years 37 Research and Development ........................................................................................ EP European Patent Office R & D Top 15 country applicants filing patents for bicycle technologies in Korea 38 Taiwan Figure 3.17: ....... ES Spain TW Figure 3.18: Distribution of patent records in the bicycle sector in Korea w.r.t their legal status ..38 United Kingdom FR France UK Figure 3.19: Year wise distribution of patent documents in Korea in the last 10 years ........38 United States of America GB Great Britain USA Figure 3.20: Top 10 assignees for patents published in Korea for bicycle technologies in United States Patent and INPADOC International Patent Documents USPTO the last 10 years ........................................................................................39 Trademark Office Indian Patent Advanced Search Figure 3.21: Patent applications and grants published in India in the last 10 years in the INPASS System WIPO The World Intellectual Property bicycle sector ............................................................................................40 Organization IP Intellectual Property Figure 3.22: Top countries for patent applications filed in India in the last 10 years in the WO World Intellectual Property bicycle sector ...........................................................................................40 IT Italy Organization Figure 3.23: Top