FINAL REPORT ON PROSPECTIVE SITES FOR THE GEOLOGICAL STORAGE OF CO 2 IN THE SOUTHERN BALTIC SEA February 2014 SLR Ref: 501-00302-00001 Elforsk i 501.00302.00001 Prospective CO 2 Storage Sites, South Baltic Sea February 2014 CONTENTS 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................. 1 2.0 DEFINITION OF THE STUDY AREA ........................................................................... 3 3.0 GEOLOGICAL OVERVIEW ......................................................................................... 6 3.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 6 3.2 General Geology ............................................................................................... 6 3.3 Structural History.............................................................................................. 7 3.4 Sub-Basin Structure ......................................................................................... 8 3.5 Depositional Setting and Stratigraphy ............................................................ 9 3.6 Reservoir and Seal Pairs ................................................................................ 14 3.7 Geological Targets for CO 2 Storage .............................................................. 15 4.0 BASIN SCREENING .................................................................................................. 16 4.1 Slupsk Border Zone ........................................................................................ 18 4.2 Latvian Estonian and Lithuanian Border Zone (LEL) ................................... 19 4.3 Liepaja-Saldus Ridge ...................................................................................... 21 4.4 Gdansk-Kura Depression ............................................................................... 23 4.5 Liepaja Depression ......................................................................................... 23 5.0 BASIN RANKING ...................................................................................................... 24 6.0 STORAGE CAPACITY CALCULATION METHODOLOGY & RESULTS .................. 25 6.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 25 6.2 Hydrocarbon Field Storage Capacity Estimates ........................................... 25 6.3 Saline Aquifer Storage Capacity Estimates: ................................................. 28 6.4 Theoretical Storage Capacity Calculation Results: ...................................... 29 7.0 STATIC MODEL: ....................................................................................................... 34 7.1 Dalders Monocline .......................................................................................... 35 7.2 Dalders Structure ............................................................................................ 38 7.3 E6 Structure .................................................................................................... 40 7.4 E7 Structure .................................................................................................... 41 8.0 SEALING INTEGRITY ............................................................................................... 42 8.1 Methodology ................................................................................................... 42 8.2 Sealing Capacity Study Area ......................................................................... 42 8.3 Sealing Integrity Results ................................................................................ 43 8.4 Fault Structure Leakage Potential and CO 2 Migration .................................. 49 8.5 Well Completion and Integrity ........................................................................ 51 8.6 Conclusions of Seal Integrity Study .............................................................. 51 8.7 Recommendations .......................................................................................... 52 9.0 DYNAMIC MODELLING ............................................................................................ 53 9.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 53 9.2 Modelling Methodology .................................................................................. 53 9.3 Dynamic Modelling Results ........................................................................... 57 9.4 Plume Migration .............................................................................................. 64 9.5 Discussion ...................................................................................................... 65 10.0 TEST INJECTION METHODOLOGY ......................................................................... 67 10.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 67 10.2 Proposed Testing Methodology ..................................................................... 67 11.0 MMV PROGRAMME .................................................................................................. 69 11.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 69 11.2 Risk Assessment ............................................................................................ 69 11.3 Exposure Assessment ................................................................................... 71 11.4 Monitoring Selection Tool Parameters .......................................................... 73 11.5 Injection Phase ............................................................................................... 73 11.6 Post-Injection Phase ....................................................................................... 74 SLR Elforsk ii 501.00302.00001 Prospective CO 2 Storage Sites, South Baltic Sea February 2014 11.7 Monitoring Technique Description: ............................................................... 74 11.8 Well Integrity Monitoring: ............................................................................... 76 12.0 CONCLUSIONS ......................................................................................................... 78 13.0 RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................................................. 78 14.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................ 80 15.0 CLOSURE .................................................................................................................. 84 TABLES Table 1 List of events which directly affected Baltica (Cocks et al 2005) ...................... 7 Table 2 Criteria for assessing sedimentary basins for CO 2 geological sequestration (Bachu 2003) ................................................................................................... 16 Table 3 Minimum criteria for consideration of sedimentary basins for CO 2 storage .. 17 Table 4 Proposed secondary qualifiers for assessing the potential of sedimentary basins for CO 2 storage ................................................................................... 17 Table 5 Criteria for consideration of Slupsk (including Dalders) Monocline for CO 2 storage ............................................................................................................. 18 Table 6 Secondary qualifiers for assessing the potential of Slupsk for CO 2 storage .. 18 Table 7 Criteria for consideration of Latvian Estonian and Lithuanian Monocline for CO 2 storage ..................................................................................................... 20 Table 8 Secondary qualifiers for assessing the potential of Latvian Estonian and Lithuanian Monocline for CO 2 storage .......................................................... 21 Table 9 Minimum criteria for consideration of Liepaja-Saldus High for CO 2 storage.. 22 Table 10 Secondary qualifiers for assessing the potential of Liepaja-Saldus High for CO 2 storage ..................................................................................................... 22 Table 11 Minimum criteria for consideration of Gdansk-Kura Depression for CO 2 storage ............................................................................................................. 23 Table 12 Secondary qualifiers for assessing the potential of Gdansk-Kura Depression for CO 2 storage ............................................................................................... 23 Table 13 Ranking of Baltic Sea sub-basins in terms of suitability for CO 2 geological sequestration .................................................................................................. 24 Table 14 Oil and Gas Fields where Generic Hydrocarbon Fields method is used ...... 25 Table 15 Hydrocarbon Fields with Detailed Reservoir Information .............................. 26 Table 16 Closure specific Calculations for the Dalders Structure ................................ 28 Table 17 Theoretical Storage Capacity Summary .......................................................... 30 Table 18 Proportion of onshore CO 2 storage capacity .................................................. 30 Table 19 Hydrocarbon Field Theoretical Storage Capacity ........................................... 31 Table 20 Hydrocarbon