Turk J Zool 2012; 36(6): 752-758 © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/zoo-1111-15 A survey of the Perigrapha Lederer (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Hadeninae) species of Iran Asghar SHIRVANI1,*, Mohammad Ali SHOGHALI2, Shamsi FEIZPOOR3 1Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, 76169-133 Kerman – IRAN 2No. 51, 24 Azar Street, Kerman – IRAN 3Young Researchers Society, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman – IRAN Received: 14.11.2011 ● Accepted: 25.03.2012 Abstract: Four species of the genus Perigrapha Lederer are reviewed in Iran. Two species, P. annau Varga & Ronkay, 1991 and P. fl ora Hreblay, 1996, are reported for the fi rst time from the fauna of Iran. Adult and genitalia images are illustrated and identifi cation keys for the external and genital features are given. Key words: Perigrapha, Iran, new records, identifi cation key Introduction large-scale variation in morphological features and Th e tribe Orthosiini Guenée, 1837, with 7 genera relegated them as members of 3 genera, Anorthoa, (Panolis Hübner, [1821], Dioszeghyana Hreblay, Harutaeographa, and Perigrapha. 1993, Orthosia Ochsenheimer, 1816, Anorthoa Berio, Perigrapha, a Holarctic genus belonging to the 1980, Harutaeographa Yoshimoto, 1993, Perigrapha perigraphoid generic complex with hairy eyes typical Lederer, 1857, and Egira Duponchel, 1845), is for the subfamily Hadeninae (sensu Hampson), represented by early-fl ying, univoltine species that comprises 3 subgenera, Opacographa Hreblay, 1996, prefer mountainous and semimountainous regions Rororthosia Beck, 1999, and Perigrapha Lederer, in Iran. Th e classifi cation and taxonomic rank of 1857. Th is genus is represented in Europe by the species groups within this tribe has been a matter last 2 subgenera and 4 species (Ronkay et al., 2001). of diff erent interpretations. Beck (1999) defi ned Species of Opacographa prefer more xerothermic 2 diff erent tribes of Noctuinae for the members montane steppes than the members of the other of Orthosiini, but this classifi cation, based on the subgenera. Th e larvae of the tribe Orthosiini are study of local fauna, was not realistic enough to be polyphagous, feeding on broad-leaved trees and accepted. Th e last comprehensive survey of the tribe conifers, shrubs, and low herbs; they pupate in Orthosiini was published by Ronkay et al. (2001), strong cocoons in the soil to pass the winter (Ronkay where they studied a large number of species of the et al., 2001). Some features of the male genitalia are so-called perigraphoid generic complex displaying shared with certain species of Egira and Anorthoa * E-mail: [email protected] 752 A. SHIRVANI, M. A. SHOGHALI, S. FEIZPOOR (e.g., helical vesica with terminal cornuti fi eld) and Results and discussion a few Orthosia taxa (e.g., helical vesica with distal Checklist of Iranian Perigrapha diverticulum), which indicates the close relationship among these genera (Hreblay, 1994; Hreblay, 1996). Genus Perigrapha Lederer, 1857 Although most genera of Orthosiini have mainly Subgenus Rororthosia Beck, 1999 been reported from forested regions of southeastern Species group: rorida Asia, some certain species of Perigrapha inhabit open desert and semidesert biotopes in the Middle East P. gyurirani Benedek & Ronkay, 2001 as well as Central Asia. Perigrapha is represented Subgenus Perigrapha Lederer, 1857 in neighboring countries of Iran with 5 species in Species group: annau Turkey (Kemal et al., 2007), 3 species in the Caucasus (Koçak et al., 2008), and 3 species in Afghanistan P. annau Varga & Ronkay, 1991 (Koçak and Kemal, 2012). As the species of this genus Subgenus Opacographa Hreblay, 1996 are univoltine and are early-fl ying moths that are not Species group: cilissa commonly caught, the number of reported species in Iran is relatively low. It is worth mentioning that P. fl ora Hreblay, 1996 another reason for this low species number could be P. mithras (Wiltshire, 1941) the lack of the preferred habitat. For the time being, 2 Key to the Iranian Perigrapha species based on species belonging to the genus Perigrapha have been external features reported from Iran (Wiltshire, 1941; Hacker, 1990; Benedek and Ronkay, 2001). 1. Forewing with conspicuous suborbicular patch, reniform stigma serrate ...................................... annau Th e purpose of this paper is to review the species of the genus Perigrapha in Iran. Two species, P. annau - Stigmata fi eld simple ........................................... 2 Varga & Ronkay, 1991 and P. fl ora Hreblay, 1996, 2. Wingspan large (about 45 mm), cross lines are reported for the fi rst time for the fauna of Iran. double, sharply defi ned ......................................... fl ora Distribution of each species is given together with - Wingspan medium-large (33–40 mm), cross notes on the bionomy. Adult and genitalia images lines simple ................................................................... 3 and identifi cation keys are presented for the species occurring in Iran. 3. Subterminal line well defi ned, wide .... gyurirani - Subterminal line simple ............................. mithras Materials and methods Key to the Iranian Perigrapha species based on male genitalia Adult specimens examined in this study were collected using both portable light traps (powered 1. Ampulla short, slightly curved ................. annau by 12-V batteries and 8-W black light UVB tubes) - Ampulla very long, strongly curved ......................2 and an electric motor generator (in order to light 2. Cucullus wide-fork-shaped, vesica medially the UV bulbs to attract moth species) in a number dilated .................................................................... fl ora of expeditions carried out in diff erent provinces of Iran. Geographic data of each location, including - Cucullus either vulture-head-like or knob- geographic coordinates and altitude, were acquired shaped, vesica tubular ................................................ 3 using a GPS device. Besides the collected species, 3. Valva broad, cucullus small, knobbed . gyurirani some material was obtained from the entomology - Valva narrow, cucullus tapering, vulture-head- collection of Shahid Bahonar University in Kerman. like ..................................................................... mithras Th e genitalia of specimens were dissected, stained (using either chlorazol black or eosin yellowish), and Perigrapha gyurirani Benedek & Ronkay, 2001 mounted in Euparal mounting medium. Photographs Perigrapha gyurirani Benedek & Ronkay, 2001, of the adult specimens and genitalia were taken with Folia Entomologica Hungarica 62: 194. L.t. (Locus a Canon digital camera (model: Power Shot A710). typicus = type locality): Iran, Fars. 753 A survey of the Perigrapha Lederer (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Hadeninae) species of Iran Diagnosis: None of its other Iranian congeners bar. Vesica broadly tubular, basally constricted, and look externally like P. gyurirani. Th e uniformly rugulose with dorsolateral and ventral scobinate grayish beige to grayish brown coloration and the fi elds, medial part with small diverticulum, distal end sharply defi ned and sinuous subterminal line are armed by a fi eld of spinules. unique features of this species. Female genitalia (Figure 1e): Ovipositor short, Th e male genitalia of this species also show papillae anales hairy, apophyses slender. Ostium distinct features, which made the identifi cation much bursae sclerotized, ventral plate widely incised, easier. Th e very small cucullus, the medially more forming U-shaped opening. Ductus bursae heavily dilated valva, and the very strong ampulla distinguish sclerotized in its posterior end, anterior end P. gyurirani from related taxa. Th e general plan of the membranous; appendix bursae semiglobular with aedeagus and vesica of this species almost resembles fi ne ribs. Corpus bursae saccate, membranous with those of 3 genera (tubular vesica bearing diverticula two long signum stripes. and terminating in apical spinules). Compared to P. Material examined: 2 ♀: Iran, Prov. Kerman, 25 fl ora and P. mithra s , the vesica of P. gyurirani lacks km W of Kerman, Honouj, 2300 m, 30°19ʹ48.9ʺN, the fi nger-like diverticulum, while the more dilated 56°46ʹ36.5ʺE, 21.03.2006, leg. A. Shirvani. 6 ♂: vesica and weaker spinulose fi eld of this species are Iran, Prov. Esfahan, Damane, Darre bid, 2840 diagnostic in comparison with P. annau . m, 33°04ʹ58ʺN, 50°26ʹ28ʺE, 07.05.2011, leg. P. Th e female genitalia of P. gyurirani diff er from Poorshabanan. those of P. mithras by their U-shaped ostium bursae Bionomics and distribution: Univoltine early- and short appendix bursae (the ostium bursae of the fl ying species, adults are on the wing from mid- latter species is simple and the appendix bursae is March to early May. Th e original materials of this long and helicoids). Th e female genitalia of P. annau species were collected from the medium-high and is, as of yet, undescribed, and that of P. fl ora was not high altitudes of Fars and Lorestan (Benedek and found on our expeditions. Th e complete diagnosis Ronkay, 2001) provinces. Th e preferred habitat of and comparison of P. gyurirani with its other relatives P. gyurirani is dry and cold altitudes with scarce was given by Benedek and Ronkay (2001). vegetation. Adult specimens are attracted to artifi cial Description: Wingspan 37–40 mm (Figures 1a and lights in low numbers and the number of collected 1b). Antennae bipectinate, head, tegula, thorax, and individuals for this species