INDEX A Accommodation, visual, 67, 127, in single-task performance, Abbreviated injury scale (AIS), 1448, 1565 96–102 1600 Acculturation, 512 and spatial compatibility, 144–147 Ability tests, 478 ACGIH (American Conference of and stimulus-response Absolute threshold, 61, 62 Governmental Industrial compatibility, 97–98 Abstract information, 1211 Hygienists), 1542 and uncertainty, 143 Abstraction hierarchy analysis, Achievable performance, 1071–1072 Action slips, 736 1196–1198 Achievement and Success Index, Active electronic hearing protection ABWS (advance brake warning 483 devices, 651 system), 320 Achromatic colors, 74 Active errors, 1587 ACASs (automated collision Acoustics, see Sound Active failures, 1089 avoidance systems), 1673 Acoustical calibrators, 646, 647 Active noise reduction (ANR), 653, ACC (adaptive cruise control), Acoustic trauma, 655 668 1616–1617, 1624–1625 Acquired needs, McClelland’s Active surveillance, 854 ACCERS (Aviation Casual theory of, 405–406 Active touch, 81 Contributors for Event Action-based detection of errors, Active training, 1464 Reporting Systems), 789 751 Activities, tasks vs., 285 Accessibility: Action goals, 99–100 Activity network models, 964–965 of AmI environments, 1361 Action implementation automation, and OP diagrams, 965–968 and interactivity, 1382–1384 1623 and task analysis, 964–965 reactive vs. proactive strategies Action kansei, 584 Activity theoretical analysis, for, 1485–1487 Action levers, for quality of working 1245–1247 regulations and guidelines, life, 539 Activity theory, 579 1415–1416 Action limit (AL), 368–370, 815, ACT-R, see Adaptive Control of standards on, 1487, 1520, 1521 816 Thought–Rational cognitive of websites, 1341–1343, 1487 Action processes, for teams, 465 architecture Accessibility bias, 314 Action selection, 96–104 Acuity: Accidents: acquisition and transfer of skill, auditory, 1449 causation, 706–708 101–102 visual, 72–74, 683, 1446–1448 costs of, 702 and action/task goals, 99–100 Acute trauma, 348–349 incidence rates, 713–714 COPYRIGHTEDautomation of, 1623 MATERIALADA (Americans with Disabilities monitoring, 713 choice complexity in, 143–144 Act), 1538 and PPE use, 895 and continuous control, 147–148 Adams’s equity theory, 411–412 reporting, 713 and dimensional overlap, 99 Adaptability, 501, 1489 Accident investigation, 1085–1091 and discriminability, 147 Adaptability Test, 483 basic principles of, 1086 errors in, 148 Adaptable automation, 1626–1627 epidemiologic approaches to, and feedback, 147 Adaptation, 808. See also User 1086–1088 Hick-Hyman Law, 96–97 interface adaptation design and “Swiss cheese” metaphor, and modality, 147 behavioral, 1619 1089–1090 in multiple-task performance, in dialogue, 1376 systems safety techniques for, 102–104 and human error, 783–784 1087–1088 and practice, 144 to virtual environments, 1041 Accident triangle, 706 and probability, 144 visual, 72, 681–682, 1448–1449 1689 1690 INDEX Adaptive automation, 262–263, 786, and consumer process, 575 locomotion, 1459 1626–1627 framework for, 574–579 memory, 1453–1456 Adaptive Control of in marketing and product design, movement speed and control, Thought–Rational (ACT-R) 573–574 1458–1459 cognitive architecture, and measurement of muscular strength, 1459–1460 934–935, 949–952, 1020–1021 affect/pleasure, 581–591 and perception, 1446–1450 and AMBR, 952–954 and neurological basis of and presbyopia, 692 and IMPRINT models, 957–959 emotions, 570–571 technology use by older adults, model development, 954–955 objective measures of affect for, 1444 modeling results, 955–957 589–590 vision, 1446–1449 Adaptive cruise control (ACC), perception in, 572–573 visual changes related to, 692–693 1616–1617, 1624–1625 performance measures of affect websites for, 1342 Adaptive decision behavior, for, 591 Age compression, 1475 208–210 psychophysical measures of affect Ageism, 1460 Adaptive multimodality, 1361 for, 590–591 Agendas, 216 Adaptive production, 1645 and strategies of designers, Age-related disease, design for Adaptivity, 1489 574–575 people with, 1420 Additive factors logic, 66 subjective measures of affect for, Age-related macular degeneration ADI (attitude indicator), 1676 586–589 (AMD) (ARMD), 306, Adjacency matrices, 1220 theories of affect and pleasure, 1446–1447 Administrative data, accident 579–581 Agglomerative hierarchical methods, investigation, 1087 Affective processes, 573 1157 Administrator, for usability testing, Affective requirements, 576 Aggregation, 1222–1224 1277 Affective user-designer model, Agile software engineering Advance brake warning system 575–579 approaches, 1320 (ABWS), 320 customer/user environment, Aging process, 118 Advanced automation systems 577–578 Agreement on Technical (AAS), 1673 designer environment, 576, 578 Cooperation Between ISO and Advanced search, 1333 Affinity bias, 314 CEN (Vienna Agreement), Advance information, for single-task Affordability analysis, 1124 1523 performance, 100–101 Affordances, 1552 AIHA (American Industrial Hygiene Aesthetics: Aftereffects, of virtual Association), 1540 of AmI environments, 1363 environments, 1041–1042 Airborne contamination, 726 of display design, 1188–1190 Age/aging, 1442–1465. See also Airspace system: AET (Arbeitswissenschaftliche under Elderly remotely piloted vehicles in, 1683 Erhebungsverfahren zur attentional factors, 1450–1453 as system of systems, 1684 Tatigkeitsanalyse),¨ 1105 audition, 1449–1450 Air traffic control, 1679–1681 Affect: balance, 1459 advanced automation systems for, cognition, 572–573 beliefs and attitudes about, 1460 1673 and color, 178–179 biomechanics, 1459–1460 automation in, 1679–1680 defined, 569, 579 cognition, 1450–1457 conflict detection and resolution, and light, 694–695 defined, 1444 1680–1681 measurement of, 581–591 design-critical age-related next-generation, 1673 objective measures, 589–590 differences, 1444 radar in, 1670 performance measures, 591 executive control, 1457 AIS (abbreviated injury scale), 1600 psychophysical measures, force control, 1460 AL, see Action limit 590–591 handheld gaming system for older Alderfer’s ERG theory, 401–402 subjective measures, 586–589 adults, 1460–1465 Alerting systems: theories of, 579–581 and haptics, 1450 in aviation, 1671–1672, 1677 Affect grid, 587 and human resource management, response to, 1677 Affective adaptation, 1362 1662 Allais paradox, 206 Affective appreciation, 569 and increase in population over Allergens, 724 Affective engineering and design, 65, 1442–1444 Allocation of function decisions, 784 569–592 and interactivity, 1401 ALS, design for people with, 1420 affective and cognitive systems, language comprehension, Alternate reality games (ARGs), 572–573 1456–1457 1046 INDEX 1691 Alternate viewing tools, website, for computer workstations, 1540 ASA (Schneider’s 1346–1347 for hazards, 877–878 Attraction–Selection–Attrition Altimeters, 1670 for machine tools, 1540–1541 framework), 482, 483 Alzheimer’s disease, design for for software user interfaces, ASAP (Aviation Safety Action people with, 1420 1540–1542 Program), 789 Amazon, 1391 for visual display terminals, 1540 ASC Z-10, Occupational Health and Ambient intelligence (AmI) Anthropometry, 168–170, 330–345 Safety Systems, 1540 environments, 1354–1370 alternative methods for, 337–342 Ashby, Ross, 41 case studies, 1363–1369 anthropometric database, 184–186 ASK-IT Home Automation emerging challenges for, 1369 averages and percentile usage, Application, 1503–1504 goal of, 1354–1355 330–337 ASL (American Sign Language), HCI in, 1398–1399 definition of, 330 1418 human-centered design process, digital anthropometric models, Asphyxiates, 724 1355–1360 1023–1024 ASQ, 1303–1304 impact of, 1355 and fit mapping, 342–344 ASRS (Aviation Safety Reporting user experience, 1360–1363 and grading, 342–343 System), 788, 1097 Ambient lighting, for space flight, ISO standards for, 1513, 1516, Assistive technologies, 1417–1418, 917, 918 1517 1421 AMBR, 952–954 and principal component’s Associations, in DSSs, 225 AMD (age-related macular analysis, 341–342 Astigmatism, 67 degeneration), 306, 1446–1447 and space flight, 911–913 Astronauts, selection of, 924–925 American Conference of three-dimensional, 344–345 ATM (automatic teller machines), Governmental Industrial two-dimensional frequency 1460 Hygienists (ACGIH), 1542 distribution, 338–339 Atmosphere, for human space flight, American Industrial Hygiene for workplace design, 1657–1658 913 Association (AIHA), 1540 Anthropotechnology, 285–286 Attention, 120–121 American National Standards Anti-vibration gloves, 633 attracting, with color, 875 Institute (ANSI), 1087. See Anxiety, situation awareness and, bottlenecks in, 1060 also ANSI standards 559 breakdowns in, 121 American Psychological Association APA (American Psychological and design for aging, 1450–1453 (APA), 311 Association), 311 divided, 120, 744, 1452 American Sign Language (ASL), Aperture effect, 129 and expectancy, 120 1418 Aphasia, 1420 factors of, 120–121 Americans with Disabilities Act Apparent motion, 128 focused, 121 (ADA), 1538 Appraisal errors, 784 and information automation, 1675 AmIDesk, 1365–1367 Apprenticeship training, 509 and information processing, 739 AmI environments, see Ambient AR (augmented reality), 1395, maintenance of, 876–877 intelligence environments 1397–1398 salient features, role of, 120 Amplitude-sensitive augmented Arbeitswissenschaftliche selective, 120–121, 1451–1452 HPDs, 668 Erhebungsverfahren zur and warnings, 875–877 Amputations, design for people Tatigkeitsanalyse¨ (AET), 1105 and workload, 245–247 with, 1419 Arbitrariness, of human Attentional