International Journal of Advances in Science Engineering and Technology, ISSN: 2321-9009, Vol-5, Iss-3, Spl. Issue-1 Aug.-2017 http://iraj.in IMPROVEMENT IN PERFORMANCE OF A DOWNSTREAM BARRAGE DUE TO A NEW BALANCING RESERVOIR UPSTREAM 1KASIVISWANADH GORTHI, 2VISWESWARARAO MUKKAMALA 1Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad; 2Mallareddy Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract- Prakasam Barrage is a tail end barrage on Krishna river situated at Vijayawada in Andhra Pradesh. Entire delta irrigation is catered by this structure. The flows of about 100 TMC from the catchment between Nagarjunasagar(NSP) a upstream reservoir and Prakasam barrage and regulated releases of 52.2 TMC are to be used for this project. A balancing reservoir at Pulichintala is constructed to utilise the intermediate yield effectively and to stabilise the irrigation under Krishna delta. This paper studies the improvement of Krishna delta system due to Pulichintala. The Integrated operation of NSP and Prakasam Barrage is done without Pulichintala considering the net inflows in to NSP after ultimate development and the demands planned under NSP and Prakasam Barrage using Mike basin and excel . The Pulichintala project is then introduced and the integrated operation of the three components are done. In both cases Standard Linear operation policy adopted. However in the 2ndscenario no releases are made to Prakasam Barrage from NSP if water is available at Pulichintala. The releases from Pulichintala in the 2ndscenario and releases from NSP in the first scenario to Prakasam Barrage are worked out considering the contributions from the respective intermediate catchments namely Pulichintala to Prakasam Barrage and NSP to Prakasam Barrage respectively. The results are compared for success and June requirements. It is found that the success rate of both NSP and Prakasam barrage have improved due to Pulichintala and the demand planned could be met at 75% reliability even in the ultimate scenario. It is observed in the ultimate scenario the demand of NSP can not be met in 14 years out of 47 years without Pulichintala and this comes to 13 years out of 47 years with Pulichintala . It is observed in the ultimate scenario the demand of Krishna delta can not be met in 13 years out of 47 years without Pulichintala and this comes to 12 years out of 47 years with Pulichintala The june requirements of Prakasam barrage could be met in 41 years out of 47 years as against 33 years without Pulichintala. Key words- Krishna delta, Nagarjunasagar, Pulichintala, reservoir performance, reliability and success rate, Balancing reservoir. I. INTRODUCTION The salient features of the two reservoirs Nagarjunasagar and Pulichintala are shown in Table The River Krishna rises in the Mahadev range of the 1. Western Ghats near Mahabaleshwar at an altitude of Table1 : Salient features of NSP and Pulichintala 1337m above sea level and flows through Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh gathering water on its way from innumerable rivers, streams or tributaries and drops into the Bay of Bengal. River Bhima and Tungabhara are major tributaries of river Krishna. Main Krishna, Bhima and Tungabhadra constitute the stems of the river Krishna. Jurala,Srisailam, Nagarjunasagar, Krishna delta are the major projects on main Krishna. A barrage known as Prakasam Barrage was constructed across river Krishna at Vijayawada at the tail end of the river. This project irrigates delta area of Krishna to ann extent of 12 lakh acres .Main crop grown is paddy. The requirement for this project was assessed as 181.2 TMC and the same was allocated by KWDT1 for this project. Later on due to modernisation the project demand was reduced to152.2 TMC. The balance allocation of 29 TMC was proposed to be used for the projects Bhima upstream to an extent of 20 TMC and for meeting the evaporation losses in the Pulichintala reservoir newly proposed below NSP a major reservoir upstreamof prakasam Barrage to act as a balancing reservoir and to stabilise the Krishna delta irrigation. Improvement in Performance of A Downstream Barrage Due to A New Balancing Reservoir Upstream 1 International Journal of Advances in Science Engineering and Technology, ISSN: 2321-9009, Vol-5, Iss-3, Spl. Issue-1 Aug.-2017 http://iraj.in The demands planned under the projects NSP and Basin s output robustly helped to make necessary Krishna delta are shown in Table 2 decisions in case of trade off solutions between Table 2 Demands under NSP and Prakasam competing objectives in an efficient way.(Mike Basin studies on Australian river system , 2004, Fayyaz et.al) The studies were conducted on ORD river basin catchment in western Australia using Mike basin. The ORD catchment from Lake angels to the confluence of lower ORD and Dunham rivers has been simulated using the mike Basin water balancing model. The model incorporates daily time series of the catchment runoff -rainfall and evaporation from Jan 1906 to 2004. A detailed environmental provision for the lower ORD river water for stage 1 and 2 irrigation areas and for hydro power have been incorporated in the model. The model has Note: All figures are in TMC, NSP- Nagarjuna sagar recommended an operative strategy for the current Project, HWS= Hyderabad water supply. conditions and range of future scenarios. The study Considering the net flows in to NSP after full indicated that annual streamflow D/s of Kunnuva upstream development the same are routed to meet diversion dam reduced due to increased industrial and the demands of NSP and Prakasam Barrage subject to drinking water requirement in the U/s. Stream flows reservoir constraints. The demands are Prakasam have further reduced due to irrigation development barrage over and above the utilisable flows from the U/S. (Studies conducted by Govt. of western intermediate flows in between NSP and Prakasam Australia for ORD river system using Mike Basin for Barrage are to be met from NSP. Then Pulichintala is the period 1906-2004, 2004 ) introduced and the integrated operation is conducted. Han Binh is a lareger reservoir in Vietnam. This plays The results are compared. The methodology adopted a importanr role in flood control of red river delta and is explained in detail in the methodology section. hydropower generation. This paper proposed to optimise the control strategies for this reservoir II. LITERATURE REVIEW operation by a combination of simulation and optimisation models. The control strategies are setup Mike Basin model was used considering the using Mike 11 and simulation model gides the hydrological and hydraulic simulation models. The releases from the reservoir depending on the current technology can be used for both long term goals as storage levels the hydro meteorological conditions well as short term goals. The fore casting and and time of the year. A heuristic global optimisation optimisation system is established with a decision models have been used with shuffled complex support system for real time operation. The model is evaluation algorithm was used for optimisation. The demonstrated on Han-Binh river in Vietnam results demonstrate that an optimised regulation can considering hydropower and flood control be found to this reservoir compared to present simulations with balanced optimisation solution regulations. This reduces the down stream flood ensured a substantial increase in hydro power peaks and maintains a high level of increasing production of 210 MKWH on an average per year. hydropower generation. The results also show that Real time optimisation in normal solutions provided SCE algorithm can be used efficiently in complex solutions that trades off between immediate and systems for optimisation.(Journal of hydrology, future volume of hydro power generation.(The April,2007, Long Lengo, Henrik madsen et.al) international journal on hydropower and dams,2007, The Mike- Basin software was used for optimisation Vol.14 P.80-83 Henrick Maddison et.al) of reservoir operation. A frame work is developed in The study was made for application of efficient which a simulation model is coupled with approaches for optimal operation of multi purpose optimisation technique to optimise the decision reservoir operation systems . specifically the study variables defined for reservoir operation. The Mike was made for the objectives of demonstrating MOEA 11 system is adopted for simulating the flow in the based novel approach non dominated sorting genetic river system and Autocad software for optimisation . algorithm(NSGA-11)for multiple reservoir systems . The trade-off between various objectives also denoted Application of NSGA for effective optimisation of the set of non- dominated or paroto optimal solutions. inter connected reservoir operation demonstrate Mike The frame work was tested for Hoa- Binh reservoir in Basin a tool for integrated water resources Red river basin considering hydropower production management planning for multi reservoir systems and and down stream flood control. The results indicated application of Mike Basin to simulate inter connected that the optimal curves developed significantly reservoir operation system. It was proved that Mike improved the performance of the reservoir in terms of hydropower production without reducing the safety Improvement in Performance of A Downstream Barrage Due to A New Balancing Reservoir Upstream 2 International Journal of Advances in Science Engineering and Technology, ISSN: 2321-9009, Vol-5, Iss-3, Spl. Issue-1 Aug.-2017 http://iraj.in against flooding. Real time optimisation performed system.(Mike Basin studies on upper Salman river considering the reservoir inflows and reservoir levels basi, 10/2003) have indicated that the performance of the reservoir Adopting the mike basin procedures described above improved considerably and the flexibility of the the simulation model for the system of Krishna basin reservoir operation has also enhanced.(PHD thesis under consideration is developed and studied with 2006, Institute of environmental resources , Technical and without Pulichintala and the results are university of Denmark, Long Lengo compared.