Report for the Flint and Genesee Chamber of CommerceO tter Lake On Behalf of Flint and Genesee Opportunity Youth Coalition Clio Montrose Otisville Mt Morris Flushing Davison Flint Burton Lennon Swartz Creek Grand Blanc Goodrich Gaines Linden University of Michigan-Flint Sara McDonnell,Fen Projectton Coordinator Paige Tiedeman, Lead Research Assistant Elizabeth Sims, Research Assistant Kasie Nickel-White, Faculty Advisor, Legend Department of Social Work, University of Michigan-Flint GeneseeCoSchools 6, Brandon School District 13, Davison Community Schools 20, Grand Blanc Community Schools 27, Linden Community Schools Label, NAME 7, Byron Area Schools 14, Durand Area Schools 21, Holly Area School District 28, Millington Community Schools 1, Atherton Community Schools 8, Carman-Ainsworth Comm. Schools 15, Fenton Area Public Schools 22, Howell Public Schools 29, Montrose Community Schools 2, Beecher Community Sch. District 9, Chesaning Union Schools 16, Flint City School District 23, Kearsley Community Schools 30, Mt. Morris Consolidated Schools 3, Bendle Public Schools 10, Clarkston Community S/D 17, Flushing Community Schools 24, Lake Fenton Community Schools 31, New Lothrop Area Public Schools 4, Bentley Community Schools 11, Clio Area School District 18, Genesee School District 25, Lakeville Community Schools 32, Swartz Creek Community Schools 5, Birch Run Area School District 12, Corunna Public School District 19, Goodrich Area Schools 26, Lapeer Community Schools 33, Westwood Heights Schools OVERVIEW Opportunity Youth are defined as individuals ages 16 to 24 that are not engaged in the workforce or education. These individuals struggle to stay in school or retain employment. They are often in poverty and struggle with homelessness (Flint and Genesee Chamber of Commerce, 2016). The Flint and Genesee Opportunity Youth Coalition is coordinated by the Flint and Genesee Chamber of Commerce. University of Michigan-Flint was hired by the Chamber of Commerce in July 2016 to provide research assistance and reporting on the demographic trends of Genesee county’s Opportunity Youth, and to perform a fiscal scan of federal funds acquired by local service providers. The report is divided into three main sections (1) Population (2) Fiscal Scan and (3) Appendix. The Population section details data collected on the distribution of Opportunity Youth across the county, along with their gender, ethnicity, educational attainment, household type, high school graduation and dropout rate, poverty rate, and homelessness. The Fiscal Scan section details the level of federal funding awarded to the State of Michigan, Genesee County, and Flint from 2010-2016 for services for Opportunity Youth. Federal agencies that were included are the Department of Education, Department of Housing and Urban Development, Department of Labor, Department of Justice, Department of Defense, and Department of Health and Human Services. The Appendix provides potential funding opportunities and the detailed tables by municipality on Genesee County’s Opportunity Youth Population. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Opportunity Youth are more likely to live in Flint, and be living in poverty. Disengagement impacts Flint youth and minority youth at a higher rate than white youth in Genesee County; and impacts more youth ages 20-24 than youth ages 16-19. High school graduation appears to not be enough for youth to stay engaged, while the rate of high school graduation appears to increase, the rate of disengagement has maintained or increased. Genesee County has a 6% higher rate of Opportunity Youth than the nation; it is presumed that the high concentration of poverty is one of the many causes of this statistic. The greatest predictor of the rate of Opportunity Youth appears to be poverty level, and may be an appropriate proxy to use to determine the number and rate of youth not employed or in school. Approximately 8.5% of Opportunity Youth are homeless, and half of homeless Opportunity Youth are single parents. Homelessness affects more youth ages 18-24 as compared to ages 15-17. The majority of federal funding received was for housing and education, these efforts include but do not specifically target youth ages 16-24. Compared to housing and education, little funding has been awarded to support workforce development and health and human services. 2 1. POPULATION The Coalition had collected various datasets from national, state, and local sources that were stored in a spreadsheet. That data served as a starting point for UM-Flint to dive deeper into demographic trends for Genesee County, City of Flint, and local municipalities. University Outreach worked with Chamber staff and UM-Flint faculty member Kasie Nickel-White to identify the primary sources of data and indicators that were of importance in understanding vulnerable populations, and specifically Opportunity Youth. Additional data was collected from the US Census and the State of Michigan’s Center for Educational Performance and Information (CEPI), Metro Community Development, and Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. While not available locally, national reports indicate Opportunity Youth are more likely to be high school dropouts, be homeless or at-risk of homelessness, be involved in the child welfare system, be involved with the justice system, be a parent or raising younger siblings, be a young man of color, and/or LGBTQ. (Warland, C., Applegate, D., Schnur, C., & Jones, J., 2015) Below is a listing of population data collected and sources: Indicator Geography Year Source Youth ages 16 -24 not in National 2010 Opportunity Index school and not working State County Youth ages 16-19 not in State 2010 U.S. Census school and not working County Genesee County Municipalities Ethnicity of youth ages County 2011-2015 5-Year U.S. Census 16-19 not in school and not Genesee County Estimate working Municipalities Educational attainment of County 2011-2015 5-Year U.S. Census youth, ages 16-19, not in Genesee County Estimate school and not working Municipalities Gender of youth ages 16- County 2011-2015 5-Year U.S. Census 19 not working and not in Genesee County Estimate school Municipalities Poverty Rate by Race National 2011-2015 5-Year U.S. Census County Estimate Comparison of Poverty rate County 2011-2015 5-Year U.S. Census for individuals ages 16-24 Estimate by Race Individuals ages 16-24 at or County 2011-2015 5-Year U.S. Census below poverty line Genesee County Estimate Municipalities High School Graduation National 2015 CEPI Rate State 2013 Graduation County Cohort (6-Year Rate) Genesee County School Districts High School Dropout Rate State 2015 CEPI County 2013 Graduation Genesee County School Cohort (6-Year Rate) Districts 3 Indicator Geography Year Source Family and Non-Family County 2010 U.S. Census Households with Genesee County Householder ages 15-24 Municipalities Years old Homelessness, ages 15-24 County 2013-2015 Genesee County HMIS 4 Youth Not in School and Not Working Demographic information was collected from the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, which provides 5-year estimates 2from01 2011-2015.1 (% aThesege datasetss 16 -have24 a) margin of error that is reported in the appendix. Data from 2010 are from the U.S. Census Bureau and are reported as actual numbers. Youth ages 16-24 not in school and not working (Opportunity Index, 2016) Genesee County State Nation 19.9% 13.4% 13.2% Genesee County rate of youth not in school and not working exceeds that of the state’s and nation’s by 6%. Youth 16-19 not working and not in As of 2010, Flint proper had a total of 1,282 youth ages 16-19 who were not in school or not working, accounting for 42% of all youthsc hageso o16-19l ( Uin theS City.Ce Geneseensus County,, 20 1including0) Flint, had a total of 3,051 youth ages 16-19 who were not in school and not working, accounting for 10.3% of all 16-19 year olds in the county. Youth ages 16-19 not in school and not working (US Census, 2010) Flint Genesee County Michigan 42% 10.3% 14% When looking at the percentage of population ages 16-19, Flint youth are much more likely to be not in school and not working than youth in other parts of Genesee County. Flint has 27.6% greater Opportunity Youth population than the state and 31.7% greater than the county. 5 Unemployment rates for the entire county in 2010 were 23.4%, indicating that Opportunity Youth in Flint are nearly twice as likely to be unemployed than the county population overall, and nearly 30% more likely to be unemployed than city of Flint residents. (Michigan BLMISI, Web) Unemployment Rates for City of Flint and Genesee County Year City of Flint Unemployment Genesee County Rate (% Total Population) Unemployment Rate (% Total Population) 2010 23.1 14 2011 19.5 11.4 2012 17.4 10 2013 16.9 9.8 2014 13.8 7.9 2015 10.4 5.8 6 According to the Opportunity Index, sourced from U.S. Census Bureau, there are approximately 10,000 Opportunity Youth, ages 16-24, in Genesee County. For youth ages 16-19, Genesee County has a smaller population of opportunity youth (10.3%) compared to Michigan’s average of 14.4%, while Flint has an opportunity youth population of 42%. While Genesee County’s number decreased by nearly a thousand in 2012, it has been increasing back to pre-2012 numbers at around 10,000 youths in 2016. Opportunity Youth, Genesee County, Michigan (Opportunity Index, 2016) 7 Broken down by gender, the following graph shows the number of males, ages 16-19, who are neither in school nor working. In Flint from 2013 to 2014 there were more males than females. Yet the divide is even more consistent in Genesee County with 2011 being the only year that there were more males than females.