1 I I I i I I 1 I I I 1 POLYB] S I 1 1 1 [S"OR]ES 1 1 W 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 S 1 1 1 1 1 1 Translated by 1 W. R. PATON 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 \ \ Complete list of Loeb titles can be \ found at the end each volume oj \ POLYBIUS c. 208 (born B.C.) of Mega- lopolis in the Peloponnese (Morea), son of Lycortas, served the Achaean League in arms and for diplomacy many years, favouring alliance with Rome. From 1 68 to 151 he was hostage in Rome where he became a friend of Aemilius Paulus and his two sons, especially adopted Scipio Aemilianus whose campaigns he attended later. In late life he was trusted mediator between Greece and the Romans whom he admired; helped in the discussions which preceded the final war with Carthage; and, after 146 B.C., was entrusted by the Romans with details of administration in Greece. He died at the age of 82 after a fall from his horse. The main part of his famous historical work covers the years 264-146 B.C. With two introductory books, it described the rise of Rome to the destruction of Carthage and the domination of Greece by Rome. It is a great work; accurate, thoughtful, largely impartial, based on research, full of insight into customs, institutions, geography, causes of events and character of ; it is a vital and most people interesting achievement of first rate importance, despite the incomplete state in which all but the first five of the forty books have reached us. Polybius' overall theme is how and why the Romans spread their power as they did. REF 937.04 THE HISTORIES WITF? AN ENGL ISH TRANSLA* VOLUIMF 2 0163464 MM HSS The New\bri Public Librai , vj Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundatiorra THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOUNDED BY JAMES LOEB, LL. D. EDITED BY G. P. GOOLD, PH.D. FORMER EDITORS fT. E. PAGE, C.H., LITT.D. tE. CAPPS, PH.D., LL.D. fW. H. D. ROUSE, LITT.D. fL. A. POST, L.H.D. E. H. WARMIXGTOX, M.A., F.R.HIST.SOC. POLYBIUS II 137 POLYBIUS THE HISTORIES WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY W. R. PATON IN SIX VOLUMES II CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON WILLIAM HEINEMANN LTD MCMLXXIX American ISBN 0-674-99152-4 British ISBN 434 99137 6 First printed 1922 Reprinted 1954, I960, 1967, 1975, 1979 Printed in Great Britain CONTENTS OF VOLUME II PAGE 2 BOOK III ........ BOOK IV 296 THE HISTORIES OF POLYBIUS nOAYBIOT ISTOPIQN TPITH 1 "Ort JJLCV dpxds VTTOTiOefJieOa rfjs OLVTOJV Tr/oay/za- ' retas" TOV re cn^u/za^t/cdi' /cat TOV 'Awt/?ta/cov, rrpos TOV V TOVTOLS 7Tpl KotAl]? Su/Ha? TToXtfJiOV , rfj Trpcory fj,V rrjs oXrjs crvvra^ccos, rpirrj 8e ravrrjs 2 avaiTtpov fivfiXa) SeSTyAajAra/zev 6[4Oia>s Se /cat ras St* alridSj as avaSpa/zo^res' rot? ^po^ot? 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I likewise set forth in the same place the reasons why I wrote the two preceding Books dealing with events of an earlier date. I will now attempt to give a well attested account of the above wars, their first causes reasons attained such and the why they magnitude ; but in the first place I have a few words to say regarding my work as a whole. The subject I have undertaken to treat, the how, when, and wherefore of the subjection of the known parts of the world to the dominion of Rome, should be viewed as a single whole, with a recognized beginning, a fixed duration, and an end which is not of I think it will be advan- a matter dispute ; and tageous to give a brief prefatory survey of the chief parts of this whole from the beginning to the end. 3 THE HISTORIES OF POLYB1US rot? (f>iXofJLa9ovcn 7 iKavrjv evvoiav rrjs oXrjs eVtjSoA^?. 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Trept a>v arro rfjs eKaroarrjs Kal rerrapaKocrrfjs oAy/xTrt dpd[jLvoi rotavSe rtva TTOLrjcrofJLeOa rrjv e<^oSov 2 'TTroSet^avres1 yap rds alrias, Si* as o Kal Trd jjievos avvearri Kap^Sop'tot? 'Pco/xatot? o irpocrayopevdels 'Awt^taAco?, 2 'IraAtap' e/zjSaAovre? Kap^^Sovtot /cat TT)V 'Pco/JiaiCDV Svvacrreiav et? jue'yay />tev (f>6/3ov e/cetVof? rjyayov rrepi afiwv Kal rov rrjs rrarpiftos eod<f>ovs> (JieydXas S* e'cr^ov aurot /cat rrapaS6ovs eA77tSas-, ct? /cat r^? 'Pwfjurjs avrrjs e' e'^oSou Stacra- 3 KparrjcrovreS' c^Tys" Se rovrois Tvetpacro^e^a o <^etv co? /cara rou? auroi)? /catpov? OtAtrrTro? /xev Ma/ceScov StaTroAe/xiycra? AtrcoAot? /cat /uera ravra cwarrjadfjievos ra Kara TOVS "EAA^va?, 4 BOOK III. 1.6-2.3 For I believe this will be the best means of giving students an adequate idea of my whole plan. Since a previous general view is of great assistance to the mind in acquiring a knowledge of details, and at the same time a previous notion of the details helps us to knowledge of the whole, I regard a preliminary survey based on both as best and will draw up these prefatory remarks to my history on this principle. I have already indicated the general scope and limits in of this history. The particular events comprised it begin with the above-mentioned wars and culminate and end in the destruction of the Macedonian monarchy. Between the beginning and end lies a space of fifty-three years, comprising a greater 220-168 number of grave and momentous events than any period of equal length in the past. Starting from the 140th Olympiad I shall adopt the following order 220-216 n f-* in my exposition of them. 2. First I shall indicate the causes of the above war between Rome and Carthage, known as the Hanni- balic war, and tell how the Carthaginians invaded Italy, broke up the dominion of Rome, and cast the Romans into great fear for their safety and even for their native soil, while great was their own hope, such as they had never dared to entertain, of capturing Rome itself. Next I shall attempt to describe how at the same period Philip of Macedon, after finishing his war with the Aetolians and settling the affairs of Greece, conceived the project of an THE HISTORIES OF POLYBIUS ' rcov avra>v eAm8a>i>, /cat o 8e HToAe/zato? OtAoTrdYtop rj[Ji(f)icrf3ij- 8* y TeAo? eTToAe/r^crai' UTrep KoiA^s* Supt'a? TT/JO? 5 1 'PoStot Se /cat 1 dAA^Aous , npoucrtas dvaXaflovres trpos Bu^aimou? rroXcfjiov rjvdyKacrav avrovs O.TTO- arrlvcLi rov Tiapaycoyta^etv rovs TrXeovras els TOV 6 Hdvrov. (jTTJcravres 8* eVt TOVTOJV TTJV Snjyqcnv TOV t 1 rfjs Pa)fJLaia>v TroAtretas ovcrrrjoofjizda Aoyov, /cara ro CTUve^e? 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