Dutch Data Landscape The Netherlands as the ideal environment for data centers Index 1 Foreword 7 Sea ports PAGE 5-7 PAGE 56-65 Introduction Approximate distance Top 5 2 Cable landing points PAGE 8-19 Introduction 8 Field research Cable landing points overview PAGE 66-83 Approximate distance Introduction Top 5 Overview SmartDC INTERVIEW 3 IX points PAGE 20-29 9 The structure of data centers Introduction PAGE 84-89 Approximate distance Top 5 10 Data centers PAGE 90-99 4 Sea levels Data center overview PAGE 30-37 Locations data centers Introduction Approximate meters below sea level Top 5 11 Conclusion PAGE 100-105 Extinction of the physicality of data centers 5 Wind turbines PAGE 38-47 Introduction Approximate distance Top 5 6 Airports PAGE 48-55 Introduction Approximate distance Top 5 5 1 Foreword Data centers in NL The physicality of data and data centers were completely unknown to us before we started our research. It is fascinating how rapidly data centers have grown in a short amount of time, especially in the Netherlands. It made us wonder how it would develop in the future, and in what ways it might transform. But above all it makes us question why. Why are there so many data centers in The Netherlands? This question was our guide through- out our entire research and design pro- cess and led our journey towards un- derstanding the unknown aspect and complex workings of data centers. In our research we tried to make con- nections between various environmen- tal aspects and the data centers. Our atlas displays a collection of the gath- ered data that gives an insight into why The Netherlands is the ideal environ- ment for the data center landscape to grow and expand. 8 9 2 Data centers and cable landing points Cable Landing Points A cable landing point is the location where a submarine or other underwa- ter cable makes landfall. The term is used for the landfall points of subma- rine telecommunications cables and submarine power cables. The landing will either be direct (in the case of a point-to-point cable system) or via a branch from a main cable using a sub- marine branching unit. The branch can be many kilometres long. Countries must have multiple cables to ensure reliable connectivity in case there is damage to a cable. Undersea cables are only built be- tween locations that have something important to communicate. In The Netherlands there are seven cable landing points in total. The Netherlands has direct access to several submarine communication cable systems delivering low-latency links to other European nations, North America and beyond. All cable landing points are in the end somehow connected to the data centers.The shorter the distance be- tween a cable landing point and a data center is, the more efficient the low-latency link is. 12 13 PLACE OF LANDING POINT BEVERWIJK DOMBURG EEMSHAVEN Name of cable landing point Atlantic Crossing 1 Farland VSNL Northern Europe Year when cable went into service Ready For Service: 1999 Ready For Service: 1994 Ready For Service: 2002 Year when cable is going out of service End Of Service: 2024 End Of Service: 2019 End Of Service: 2027 Total length of the cable Length: 13.377 km Length: 149 km Length: 551 km Total costs of building the cable Costs: $875.000.000 Costs: $10.000.000 Costs: unknown Terabytes the cable can transfer per second Design capacity: 5.2 Tbps Design capacity: 0.018 Tbps Design capacity: 3.84 Tbps Owner(s) of the cable Owner(s): Level 3 Owner(s): British Owner(s): TATA Communications Communications Telecommunications PLC BEVERWIJK Pangea Ready For Service: 2000 End Of Service: 2025 Length: 511 km Costs: $20.000.000 Design capacity: 7 Tbps Owner(s): Pangea Ltd. 14 15 CABLE LANDING POINTS EGMOND AAN ZEE KATWIJK IJMUIDEN ZANDVOORT UK-Netherlands 14 TAT-14 ULYSSES-2 Concerto-1 Ready For Service: 1996 Ready For Service: 2001 Ready For Service: 1997 Ready For Service: 1999 End Of Service: 2021 End Of Service: 2026 End Of Service: 2022 End Of Service: 2024 Length: 208 km Length: 15.453 km Length: 250 km Length: 574 km Costs: unknown Costs: $400.000.000 Costs: unknown Costs: $25.000.000 Design capacity: unknown Design capacity: 9.38 Tbps Design capacity: unknown Design capacity: 0.0025 Tbps Owner(s): BT, KPN Telecom, Owner(s): TAT-14 Consurtium, Owner(s): WorldCom International, Owner(s): Flute Vodafone KPN Telecom BT, France Telecom, KPN Telecom 16 17 CABLE LANDING POINTS Drenthe Alticom: Data center Hoogersmilde Approximate distance Serverius data centers: Serverius SDC2 Flevoland Alticom: Data center Lelystad between data centers and NLDC Data center Amsterdam 3 (Almere) Serverius data centers: Serverius SDC1 cable landing points Friesland Alticom: Data center Tjerkgaast Data center Fryslan: Data center Fryslân 01 Data center Fryslan: Data center Fryslân 02 Gelderland Alticom: Data center Ugchelen BIT: BIT-1 BIT: BIT-2A BIT: BIT-2B BIT: BIT-2C BIT: BIT-2D Dataplace: Arnhem ITB2 Data centers: Apeldoorn Groningen Bytesnet BV: Data center Groningen Data center Groningen Google: Eemshaven NLDC: NLDC Data center Groningen TCN Data Hotels: Data Hotel Eemshaven TCN Data Hotels: Data Hotel Groningen Limburg Alticom: Data center Eys Alticom: Data center Ittervoort Alticom: Data center Maastricht Alticom: Data center Roermond ENGIE Services: Maastricht SmartDC B.V.: Heerlen Systemec Data Centers Noord-Brabant Alticom: Data center Gemert Alticom: Data center Loon op Zand Alticom: Data center Megen Alticom: Data center Mierlo Alticom: Data center Roosendaal Dataplace: Brabant Data center Nedzone Global-e Data center Interconnect Services BV: Den Bosch Interconnect Services BV: Eindhoven NLDC: NLDC Data center Eindhoven Noord-Holland Alticom: Data center Amsterdam Alticom: Data center Haarlem Alticom: Data center Wormer atom86: Schuberg Philis Digital Realty Trust: Business Park Digital Realty Trust: Cateringweg Digital Realty Trust: President Business Park Digital Realty Trust: Gyroscoopweg Digital Realty Trust: Naritaweg 0–20 km 20–40 km 40–60 km 60–80 km 80–100 km 100–120 km 120–140 km 140–160 km 160–180 km 180–200 km 18 19 CABLE LANDING POINTS Digital Realty Trust: Paul van Vlissingenstraat 1. TCN Data Hotels: Data EdgeConneX: Amsterdam Top 5 data centers Hotel Eemshaven Equinix: Equinix AM1 1,8 km (Eemshaven) Equinix: Equinix AM2 nearest to a cable Equinix: Equinix AM4 2. Google: Eemshaven Equinix: Equinix AM5 landing point 3,2 km (Eemshaven) Equinix: Equinix AM6 Equinix: Equinix AM7 3. Alticom: Data center Global Switch: Amsterdam Haarlem Interxion: Amsterdam 1 8,7 km (Beverwijk) Interxion: Amsterdam 2 Interxion: Amsterdam 3 4. Alticom: Data center Interxion: Amsterdam 4 Wormer Interxion: Amsterdam 5 10,5 km (Beverwijk) Interxion: Amsterdam 7 Interxion: Amsterdam 8 5. Alticom: Data center Interxion: Science Park Den Haag KPN International: Data center Amsterdam 13,9 km (Katwijk) Maincubes GmbH: Amsterdam Microsoft: Middenmeer NIKHEF Amsterdam NLDC Data center Amsterdam 1 (Oude Meer) NLDC Data center Amsterdam 2 (Aalsmeer) 1. Alticom: Data center Eys Switch Data centers: AMS1 Top 5 data centers 186 km (Katwijk) Switch Data centers: AMS3 The Data center Group (TCDG) Amsterdam farthest away from a 2. SmartDC B.V.: Heerlen Overijssel Alticom: Data center Markelo 182 km (Katwijk) Alticom: Data center Zwolle cable landing point Equinix: Equinix EN1 3. Alticom: Data center Equinix: Equinix ZW1 Maastricht ITB2 Data centers: Deventer 171 km (Domburg) Previder: Previder PDC1 Previder: Previder PDC2 ENGIE Services: Utrecht Alticom: Data center Ijsselstein Maastricht Dataplace Utrecht 171 km (Katwijk) Switch Data centers: WRD1 The Data center Group (TCDG) Utrecht 4. Alticom: Data center Zeeland Alticom: Data center Goes Roermond Zuid-Holland Alticom: Data center Alpen aan den Rijn 158 km (Katwijk) Alticom: Data center Den Haag Alticom: Data center Rotterdam 5. Alticom: Data center Bytesnet B.V.: Data center Rotterdam Ittervoort NLDC Data center Rotterdam 152 km (Katwijk) SmartDC B.V.: Rotterdam The Data center Group (TCDG) Delft Systemec Data Centers The Data center Group (TCDG) Rotterdam 152 km (Katwijk) 0–20 km 20–40 km 40–60 km 60–80 km 80–100 km 100–120 km 120–140 km 140–160 km 160–180 km 180–200 km 20 21 CABLE LANDING POINTS 3 Data centers and Internet Exchange Points(IXP) Internet Exchange Points An internet exchange point (IXP) is a physical network access point through which major network providers con- nect their networks and exchange traf- fic. The primary focus of an exchange point is to facilitate network intercon- nection through an exchange access point instead of third-party networks. Internet exchange points were cre- ated to minimize the part of an Inter- net service provider’s (ISP) network traffic that had to go through an up- stream provider. IXPs provide a com- mon place for ISPs to exchange their Internet traffic between autonomous network systems. The exchange points are often established in the same city to avoid latency. The Dutch capital Amsterdam is home to AMS-IX, which connects around 500 leading network suppliers and is, with over 2 Terabit per second, the world’s largest Internet exchange. The AMS-IX offers solutions to 397 internet service providers, carriers and mobile operators as well as all kinds of content and application providers. 24 25 Drenthe Alticom: Data center Hoogersmilde Approximate distance Serverius data centers: Serverius SDC2 Flevoland Alticom: Data center Lelystad between data center and NLDC Data center Amsterdam 3 (Almere) Serverius data centers: Serverius SDC1 Internet exchange points Friesland Alticom: Data center Tjerkgaast