Impacts of pests and diseases on the processing sector. David S Leslie General Manager James Jones & Sons Pests and diseases: Summary Established Recent On the horizon • Hylobius abietis • Dothistroma needle blight • Acute oak decline • Pine beauty • Oak processionary moth • Pine looper • Western conifer seed bug • • Larch canker Phytophthora ramorum • Gypsy moth • Dutch elm disease • Asian longhorn beetle • Oak leaf roller • Phytophthora kernoviae • Sweet chestnut blight • Winter moth (Cryphonectra parasitica) • Horse chestnut bleeding canker/ • Phytophthora alni leaf miner • Phytophthora cambivora ---------------------------------------- • Phytophthora syringae • Pinewood nematode • Phytophthora pseudosyringae • Pine tree lappet moth • Ips typographus • Phytophthora cinnamomi • Pine pitch canker • Lophodermium spp • Great spruce bark beetle • Pine processionary moth • Brunchorstia pinea (Dendroctonus micans) • Citrus longhorn beetle • Lophodermella spp • Ramichloridium pini ---------------------------------------- • Sphaeropsis sapinea • Phytophthora lateralis • Spruce budworm • Anisogramma virgultorum • Phytophthora austrocedrae • Emerald ash borer • Marssonina betulae • Bronze birch borer • Elatobium abietinum • Armillaria spp • Ash dieback • Heterobasidium annosum (Chalara fraxinea) • Tomicus piniperda • Ips cembrae/Ceratocystis aricola Larch in Galloway Spring 2012 One Year Later …. Overall Position – September 2013 Red Zone 9000 ha 3m Tonnes The Galloway “Red Zone” PR Risk Map PR Current Zones Zone 3 No current restrictions How much larch is there in Scotland? 65000 hectares 17,000,000 tonnes 65% in PR “High Risk” Zone What does this all mean? . Rush of larch roundwood onto the market . Harvesting resource disruption/reallocation . More SRW, less millwood/pallet production . More SRW to pulp/chip/biomass markets . Increase in larch to sawn markets . Reduction in bark volumes to markets . Forest Management issues : FSC etc, etc . Reduction in spruce availability . IMPACT ALL OVER UK! P.Ramorum - What is it and how did it get here? . Fungus with airborn spores / soil infection . Various strains – US, China etc, etc . Brought to UK with Rhododendron . Spread to infect larch in Devon/Cornwall . Larch sporulation to other trees/stands . Spread by wind/water . Spread by people, animals, birds? . UK strains EU1 / 2 also infects blaeberry . Limited infection of other conifers What are the issues of larch for a sawmiller? Strong, durable, attractive timber.............But ! . Hard to saw, reduced line speeds, resin issues . Straightness issues : Length limitations, yield . Colour issues : Sapwood/heartwood variation ( the zebra!) . Distortion issues : Twist, bow, etc . Nailing issues : Hard and liable to split . Restricted grading opportunities . General market acceptance, limited volumes What does the sawmill have to do with PR ? . Ensure movement licence compliance . Maintain mill licence protocol :Segregate/clean etc . Batch run larch to minimise bark infection . Market bark to biomass £35 to £0 per tonne (at best) Stocktake Established Recent On the horizon • Hylobius abietis • Dothistroma needle blight • Acute oak decline • Pine beauty • Oak processionary moth • Pine looper • Western conifer seed bug • • Larch canker Phytophthora ramorum • Gypsy moth • Dutch elm disease • Asian longhorn beetle • Oak leaf roller • Phytophthora kernoviae • Sweet chestnut blight • Winter moth (Cryphonectra parasitica) • Horse chestnut bleeding canker/ • Phytophthora alni leaf miner • Phytophthora cambivora ---------------------------------------- • Phytophthora syringae • Pinewood nematode • Phytophthora pseudosyringae • Pine tree lappet moth • Phytophthora cinnamomi • Lophodermium spp • Great spruce bark beetle • Ips typographus • Brunchorstia pinea (Dendroctonus micans) • Pine pitch canker • Lophodermella spp • Pine processionary moth • Ramichloridium pini • Citrus longhorn beetle • Sphaeropsis sapinea • Phytophthora lateralis • Anisogramma virgultorum • Phytophthora austrocedrae ---------------------------------------- • Marssonina betulae • Spruce budworm • Elatobium abietinum • Emerald ash borer • Armillaria spp • Ash dieback • Bronze birch borer • Heterobasidium annosum (Chalara fraxinea) • Tomicus piniperda • Ips cembrae/Ceratocystis aricola What does the sawmill have to do with PR ? . Ensure movement licence compliance . Maintain mill licence protocol :Segregate/clean etc . Batch run larch to minimise bark infection . Market bark to biomass £35 to £0 per tonne (at best) . Market reject material as PR infected . Market chips (and sawdust) as PR infected . Take more larch in infected areas – substitution . Sell into a saturated market / to resistant customers . Cover the costs, maintain supply, create demand What are the markets for larch sawnwood ? . Cladding materials Limited . Flooring and joinery products Limited . Fencing : Posts, rails, strainers etc Subject to demand . Landscape products : Sleepers etc Subject to demand . Palletwood : Blockwood, boards, bearers “ “ “ . Potato boxes and other storage products “ “ “ . Sarking and other roof boarding Subject to acceptance . General construction – Ungraded Subject to acceptance . Graded carcassing Subject to grading settings/acceptance . Other products : CLT Subject to development So what do we do? . Report any suspicious sightings of disease (all!) . Try to deal with outbreaks ASAP (250m felling) . Good biosecurity – Cleaning/travel/public . Bring larch to market to spread volume/ minimise risk . Seek protocol for bark heat treatment (C) . Lobby to reduce licensing “costs” (C) . Seek “viable” alternative species ASAP (C) . Press for “sensible” UKWAS protocols (C) . Lobby for border checks and controls (C) . Lobby for financial support for felling/restocking (C) . Champion the use of wood – especially larch (C) Losing too many trees – This is getting serious! Thank You Questions? A Tradition of Innovation .