S AW F I L I NG A N D M anag e me nt of S aws A P R A C T I C A L T R E A T I S E O N Fili Cummin Swa i Ha e rin an d B z i ng. g. g ng. mm g ra ng w Po we r and W k O B d S a s . S eed e rate an p . or to p W i h Fu ll Di e Ci ul ar S aws et c. i s fo r Fili rc . t r ct on ng, h i i S r i h e S e tin p lis i , i a nd P lish t g, o ng, Jo n ng t a g t n ng o ” h s B d and Ci l r w Files H nd B e S s . g a , utc r , an rcu a a Use Us e f l Hi s fo r Re ai ri and C ri fo r to , u nt p ng a ng w ili and Br z i B d S aws Ho e S s . C a o ng a ng an , m Cl m s E e e nc Re M d e S ets and , ai s e tc. a a p m rg y p r , ro er sha e itch a nd se t of s aw t h C o mp l ete tabl e s o f p p p . p eet as nu mb e r o f te eth of v ari ous s aws ar n u w e ll as siz es a nd e i cl d e d . G RIM HAW B E RT S NL E . By RO , Third E ditio ed a nd E nla r ed . n. Revis g Fully Illustra ted with over 1 00 E ng ra ving s . k N e w Y o r THE NORM AN W HENLEY PUBLISHING CO . 1 3 2 N a s s a u S t r e e t 1 9 1 2 C o p y r i g h t 1 8 8 2 E . B BER W M . Y RO T GRIM SHA . C o p y r i g h t 1 9 0 1 a nd 1 9 1 2 E L BLI HING COM P NO RM AN W . H N EY pu S ANY M acg o wa n Ed Sl ipp e r Pri nters 30 Be e kma n Street New York City P reface This b ook is d esig ned as a p ractical aid to those wh use saws for an t o ur ose . Wh e as its itl y p p il , e m l es it treats r nc all of saw- fi lin it also i p i , p i ip y g , oes nto the uest ons of umm n s r n - sett n g i q i g i g , p i g i g , w Th e auth r h a r and s ag i ng . o s t ied to b ri ng it u to resent s uccessful usa e and wll b e lad p p g , i g to receiv e from p ractical sawyers and others for future ed it ons uest ons su estions and infor i , q i , g g , the s ub t mation b eari ng on j ec . P refa ce to the Third E dition In ord er to b ri ng this work s trictly up - to- d ate and i nclud e th e latest id eas and d ev elop ments of m d ern method s th s v olume h as b een rev sed o , i i , - d erab le newmat r al re ed ited and consi e i ad d ed . ’ During many years exp erience in using saws of earl ev er kind s e and make and fre uentl n y y , iz , q y out- of—the- wa ocalit es man useful and h and in y l i , y y h av e b een d ev elo ed b the E d tor and in id eas p y i , ord er th at th ese orig inal wri nkles may p rov e of r th h av e b ee use or b enefi t to othe s , ey n emb od ied h l in the new material ad d ed to t is v o ume . E AUTHO R TH . b er 1 9 1 2 m . Nov e , ” 4 3 51 NTRODUCT ON I I . TH E RE is no more sense in usi ng a d ull saw th an in sh a n wth a d u ra or v i g i ll z . I t is a g reat d eal easi er to k eep a sawsh arp b fre uent ht fil e-touches th an to l et it et y q lig , g so d u l as to need a on -cont nued fi n d own l l g i li g , after it ets so d u ed as to refuse to ork g ll w . The sav n in ower b us n a sh ar saw i g p , y i g p , i r r I t h as nev er t b n m ur d s v e y g eat. ye ee eas e in ower-saws and is h ard measurab e in p , ly l hand -saws ; b ut it is with out d oubt consid er ab e l . B us n sh ar saws th nner b ad es ma b e y i g p , i l y used th an wh ere th e teeth are d ull ; b ecause th e d uller th e sawth e more p ower requi red to d r e it th rou h th e wood and th e more stra n i v g , i a h tooth se arate and on th e b ad e as a on e c p ly, l h o w l e. o h ame reason on er teeth ma be F r t e s , l g y r th e are sh ar th an w ere th e used wh e e y p, h y ar d u e ll . t Th e ad v antag e of using sh arp teeth is g rea est in th ose saws in wh ich th e strain of cutting “ tend s to d eform th e bl ad e— as in all push n in rcu ars cut straig ht saws a d ci l . SAW-F L NG I I . Clas s ifi cation of S aws — Th ere are four enera c asses of saws— rec rocat n c rcu ar g l l ip i g , i l , b and and c nd er and four c asses of teeth , yli l - “ th e V or cross cut the or r n , ippi g teeth th e M or W and the h ook wth ther , , ; i i r comb nat ons v a i ati ons and i i . E ach of th ese re u res s ec a treatment as q i p i l , d st n u sh ed from th e oth ers and art cu ar i i g i , p i l ad a tat on to cond t ons of saw s eed th ck p i i i , p , i m t r a and ork et ness and ch aracter of a e w c. , i l , S aws for use in b rous mater a s such as fi i l , wood act in two wa s— for r n or cutt n , y ippi g , i g wth th e ra n and for cross-cutt n or d v d i g i , i g i i ing at rig ht ang les (or th ereab outs) to the fib er. I n r n b rous mater a each fib er is ippi g fi i l , $ sev ered b each tooth on once at a strok e but y ly , many ti mes in successiv e strok es ; while in cross-cutt n each b er is cut off in t o aces i g , fi w pl at a strok e and nev er a a n cut off in th at , g i “ -bl see Grim F or fuller classifi cation of saw ad es, h w o a s a e 1 2 a S w . s n , p g - 1 0 S A W F I L I N G . Ri - w — Th e ri - aw h av n for its d ut S a s . s p p , i g y sev er n each ber onc at a t me in its en th i g fi e i l g , is enera v en acute teeth we rak ed and g lly gi , ll , as it can act more lik e a morti si ng chi sel th an can th e cross-cut it is v en more u et b e , g i g ll , cause it w tak e r r t oth ill g eater feed pe o .