University of Groningen What is natural? Haydar, Deniz IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2010 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Haydar, D. (2010). What is natural? The scale and consequences of marine bioinvasions in the North Atlantic Ocean. s.n. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 24-09-2021 Appendix I to Chapter 4: The scale of cryptogenesis, in: Deniz Haydar (2010) What is natural? The scale and consequences of marine bioinvasions in the North Atlantic Ocean. Dissertation, University of Groningen, 184 pp. ISBN 978-90-367-4396-9 ISBN 978-90-367-4395-2 available at http://dissertations.ub.rug.nl/faculties/science/2010/ Appendix I Ascidiacea species in the North Atlantic Ocean, excluding disjunct amphi-Atlantic species (see table 4.2). species distribution category depth habitat comments references Enterogona Aplousobranchia Clavelinidae Archidistoma productum S Wales, Roscoff EU shallow on Laminaria 1 (Milne-Edwards, 1841) Clavelina lepadiformes W Norway to Adriatic, Azores, EU lower shore -50m on seaweed, shells stones introduced to South Africa, 2, 3, 4, 5 (Müller, 1776) Knysna and Port Elizabeth in S Africa Madeira, and Azores. Not on African Atlantic coast Clavelina nana Roscoff EU infralittoral-deep on Laminaria , snails, gorgonians 1 Lahille, 1890 water Pycnoclavella aurilucens SW England, Ireland, Brittany, EU lower shore -50m on hydroids, sponges, Balanus 2, 4, 6 Garstang, 1891 perhaps S to Mediterranean crenatus Didemnidae Didemnopsis Brittany EU lower shore on rocks among Laminaria 6, 7 translucidum digitata , exposed, close to water Lafargue, 1968 level Didemnum albidum Spitsbergen, N,W,S Norway, Iceland, ARCT lower shore -300m stones, shells, other ascidians Arctic species, ranging further S on 8 (Verrill, 1871) Jan Mayen, Faeroes, E Greenland, NE American coast. Didemnum Davis Strait, Baffin Island, NE N polare Hartmeyer is closely related, America S to Eastport Maine, if distinct. Sometimes considered a Murmansk, White Sea, Siberian Sea, subspecies of the deep-water Bering Strait species D.albidum Didemnum coriaceum Plymouth, Helgoland, Skagerakk, EU shallow stones, rocks, algae. All kinds of only larvae differ from D. 6, 7, 8 (Von Drasche, 1883) Faroes, W Norway, Mediterranean substrata. candidum . According to 7 ubiquitous cosmopolitan. D. helgolandicum in 8 Didemnum fulgens Brittany, SW Britain, Mediterranean EU <40m stones, algae, all kinds of 4, 6, 7 (Milne-Edwards, 1841) substrata Didemnum lahillei Spanish Atlantic coast, Mediterranean, EU shore-50m on stones, in caves Northern specimens recorded for 5, 6, 7 (Hartmeyer, 1909) Azores this species are not D.lahillei Didemnum lutarium Casco Bay, Maine to S of Cape Cod AM shallow piles, shells, stones, sponges, further N replaced by D. albidum , S 9, 41 (Van Name, 1910) large ascidians by D. candidum . Originally described as subspecies of D. candidum Didemnum maculosum W&S British Isles, elsewhere through EU 10-28, 120-150m stones, rocks, algae. Very distinct from D.candidum ? 5, 6, 7 (Milne-Edwards, 1841) Mediterranean, Red Sea, Azores?, common on bryozoans, on according to 7 ubiquitous possibly other warm S&W coasts, gorgonian Eunicella . On rocky cosmopolitan extensive further distribution sea floor Didemnum polare N Norway ARCT shallow 10, 40 (Hartmeyer, 1903) Didemnum protectum Bay of Biscay, Mediterranean EU shallow wooden stakes, Cystoseira , 7 (Daumézon, 1908) coralligenous floor Didemnum ramssae N Norway ARCT shallow 10 Marks, 1996 Diplosoma lafargueae Galicia EU 9m rock only record is species description 11 Vazquez, 1993 Diplosoma migrans Helgoland EU shallow on Laminaria holdfasts, other colonial organism, moves by 11 (Mencker & Ax, 1970) algae, rocky shore extending and anchoring the tunic Diplosoma singulare Brittany only EU shallow on fronds of red algae rare species, few collections 6, 7, 11 Lafargue, 1968 Diplosoma spongiforme W coasts British Isles, Brittany, EU Laminaria zone- all substrates but usually on rigid 6, 7, 11 (Giard, 1872) Mediterranean 40m substrates Leptoclinide faeroensis W Norway, Arctic-boreal, only in ARCT intertidal-2000m possibly deep-water species 2, 6, 7, 8 Bjerkan, 1905 Cornwall in British Isles Lissoclinum aureum Murmansk, Franz Josef Land, ARCT 20-1000m stones, shells Arctic species, reaching farther S 8, 9, 12 Verrill, 1871 Siberian Sea, Spitsbergen, Iceland, NE on NE American coast America S to Massachusetts Lissoclinum perforatum W Scotland, S&W coasts British Isles, EU shallow Laminaria , rocks, on ships fouling of ship hulls in harbors 2, 6, 7 (Giard,1872) Brittany, S Norway, Mediterranean, sublittoral-30m down to bathyal zone according to Azores 7 Lissoclinum weigelei Brittany, Mediterranean, Azores EU 5-30m under rocks, in crevices 5, 6, 7 Lafargue, 1968 Polysyncraton bilobatum Brittany EU sublittoral -40m stones and rocks similar to D. fulgens 6, 7 Lafargue, 1968 Polysyncraton lacazei Mediterranean, Brittany, English EU shallow sublittoral rocks, seagrass beds 6, 7 (Giard, 1872) Channel Trididemnum cereum Arctic to W&S British Isles, Norway, EU lower shore-200m stones, algae 6, 7 (Giard, 1872) Brittany, Mediterranean Trididemnum delesseriae Brittany EU 20-30m red algae, on supple algae such 6, 7 Lafargue, 1968 as Delesseria sanguinea Trididemnum tenerum Arctic, S to Skagerrak in Europe and AMPHI lower shore-200m stones, algae apparently circumpolar, most 8, 9, 12, 13 (Verrill, 1871) Cape Cod in N America, Spitsbergen, records from Atlantic coasts Bear Island, Faeroes, Iceland, Greenland, Murmansk, Siberian Sea, Alaska, Sea of Okhotsk Polycitoridae Distaplia clavata N Norway, Spitsbergen, Iceland, E & ARCT lower shore -500m 8, 9 (Sars, 1851) W Greenland, NE N America S to Massachusetts Distaplia livida N Norway, Spitsbergen, Murmansk ARCT 20-300m other ascidians, algae 8 (Sars, 1851) Distaplia rosea Scotland S to Mediterranean, Wales EU 0-100m stones and shells 2, 4, 6 Della Valle, 1881 Eudistoma capsulatum Virginia to W Indies AM shallow 9 (Van Name, 1902) Eudistoma roseum Galicia EU intertidal overhanging rocks, fissures, first European species in this genus 14 Vazquez & Ramos-Espla, crevices, Balanus sp., rhizoids of 1993 Laminaria Eudistoma vitreum Arctic. N & W Norway, White Sea, ARCT shallow water stones, shells, other ascidians 8, 9 (Sars, 1851) Spitsbergen, Iceland, Faroes, W & S (occasionally), Greenland, Newfoundland mainly rather deep - 800m Polycitor searli Plymouth EU 8-10m rock crevasses only record is type specimen 2, 6, 40 Kott, 1952 Polyclinidae Aplidium argus Scotland, S and W coast British Isles, EU lower shore- under boulders and overhangs 2, 4, 6 (Milne-Edwards, 1841) France shallow water Aplidium coeruleum Roscoff, Mediterranean EU shallow only one record from Roscoff 40 Lahille, 1890 Aplidium constellatum Maine to Florida, Hawaii, Caribbean AM lower shore -37m rocks, stones, piles in wharves introduced to Hawaii 9, 12 Verrill, 1871 Aplidium crispus Norway ARCT shallow only one record 15, 40 (Huitfeldt-Kaas, 1896) Aplidium densum S Norway S to Mediterranean, W EU Laminaria zone- rocks 4, 6, 16 (Giard, 1872) coasts British Isles 50m Aplidium elegans English Channel, Brittany EU shore and shallow stones, rhizomes of Zostera 2, 4, 15 (Giard, 1872) water <15m Aplidium mutabile Bear Island, Iceland, N&W Norway, ARCT 20-500m stones 8, 9 (Sars, 1851) Greenland, Murmansk, Barents Sea Aplidium nordmanni SW British Isles, S to Mediterranean EU lower shore, stones, rocks. Between 2, 4, 17 (Milne-Edwards, 1841) shallow water Laminaria Aplidium pallidum Arctic, S to English Channel in AMPHI lower shore-200m more on algae than stones, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12 (Verrill, 1871) Europe, Rhode Island N America, especially on algae and Zostera Spitsbergen, Iceland, Faeroes Aplidium pellucidum Massachusetts to Florida AM shallow sandy bottom mixed with shells, 9 (Leidy, 1855) stones, gravel, in swift tidal currents Aplidium proliferum Shetland Isles, British Isles, English EU lower shore-50m rocks, shells, sponges 2, 6, 8, 17 (Milne-Edwards, 1841) English Channel to Mediterranean Aplidium punctum S&W British Isles, W English EU lower shore-40m rocks, stones, algae, rock 2, 4, 6 (Giard, 1873) Channel, Brittany crevices, sponges, anemones Aplidium sagresensis Portugal EU 5-18m exposed, rocks 17 Ramos-Espla, Turon & Vazquez, 1993 Aplidium spitzbergense Spitsbergen, Iceland, Greenland, N & AMPHI shallow-100m stones, shells rare species 8, 9, 13 Hartmeyer, 1903 W Norway, Bear Island, N America S to Massachusetts Aplidium stellatum Massachusetts to Florida AM shallow attached to stones, gravel 9 Verrill, 1871 Aplidium turbinatum W Norway to Mediterranean, rare in EU lower shore-200m rocks, stones, algae 2, 4, 6, 8,