T ftC 1. ' 9°C9°C Amhara Agricultural Research Institute (ARARI) Dj AGRICULTURAL Q GROWTH Gondar Agricultural Research Center 9 program Participatory Agricultural Production Systems Analysis of AGP-Ii Districts in North Gondar Zone: Implications for Research and Development Published by Research Publication.Cornmunication and Knowledge Management Directorate, ARARI A Participatory Agricultural Production Systems Analysis of AGP-I1 Districts in North Gondar Zone: Implications for Research and Development Research Report: 1 Yonas Worku Asmamaw Bidru Solomon Abega/. Muuz G/tsadiq Alayu Kidanc Ertiban WonditVaw Tikunesh Zelalem Landuber W ondale i th ru * m c < r rcrc M ti-tHt g AGRICULTURAL Amhara Agricultural Research Institute, GROWTH PROGRAM A Participatory Agricultural Production Systems Analysis of AGP-II Districts in North Gondar Zone: Implications for Research and Development ©ARARI, 2018 MPKi 2010 Website: http://www.arari.gov.et Tel: +251-582-206400 Fax: +251-582-2205174P.O.Box: 527 Bahir Dar, Ethiopia Copy Editing and Design: Yonas Worku,Wal!elign Zegeye. Mekonnen Tilahun, Abiro Tigabie, Abiy Legesse and Mulugeta Alemayehu ISBN 9788-99944-927-6-3 Donors and partners ft H I l + l (S) USAID TABLE OF CONTENT LIST OF TABLES.................................................................................................................. vi LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS.................................................................vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .............................................................................................. viii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY..........................................................................................................ix 1.INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................... 1 2.METHODOLOGY 2 2.1. Area Description............................................................................................................ 2 2.2. Method of Data Collection and Data Type................................................................. 5 2.3. Analytical Method..........................................................................................................5 3.SURVEY RESULT........................................................................................................... 6 3.1. Socio-Economic Characteristics of the Study Area...................................................6 3.1.1. Fanning system....................................................................................................... 6 3.1.2. Agricultural marketing and market infrastructure.............................................10 3.1.3. Input supply and financial system.......................................................................12 3.1.4. Rural livelihood and household economy..........................................................14 3.1.5. Cross cutting issues...............................................................................................16 3.1.5.1. Nutrition..................................................................................................... 16 3.1.5.2. Gender.........................................................................................................16 3.1.5.3. Climate smart agriculture......................................................................... 18 3.1.6. Major constraints related to socio-economic issues......................................... 22 3.1.6.1. Highland areas................................................................................ 22 3.1.6.2. Mid altitude.....................................................................................23 3.1.6.3. Lowland area.................................................................................. 24 3.1.7. Recommendations and outlines of research and developme nt proposals. ..26 3.2. Crop production...................................................................................................................28 3.2.1. Cropping s y s te m ..............................................................................................28 3.2.2. Crop m anagem ent.............................................................................................30 3.2.3. Harvesting and post harvest handling.........................................................32 3.2.4. Constraints to crop production......................................................................33 3.2.4.1. M ajor ipests..............................................................................................33 3.2.4.2. Technology constraint......................................................................... 37 3.2.4.3. Crop m anagem ent................................................................................. 38 3.2.4.4. C ropping system ....................................................................................38 3.2.2.5 Harvesting and post-harvest handling.............................................39 3.2.5. Prioritized overall production constraint by districts............................. 40 3.2.6. Prioritizing interventions areas of research and development for crop production constraints........................................................................45 3.2.7 Recommendations and outlines of research and development Proposals The following research interventions are suggested to address crop production constraints in different districts:.......................48 3.3. Livestock Production.............................................................................................. 49 3.3.1. Livestock types and breeds............................................................................49 3.3.2. Livestock population and productivity....................................................... 50 3.3.3. Production system and livestock management system ...........................52 3.3.4. Feed resources....................................................................................................52 3.3.5. Feed and feeding management in different season..................................53 3.3.6. W atering and w ater source............................................................................ 53 3.3.7. Animal feeding system by production purpose........................................ 55 3.3.8. Disease and disease management by animal type....................................55 3.3.9. Livestock product Processing................. ......................................................57 3.3.10. Identified Production Constraints in the AGP II districts...................... 57 3.3.10.1. Constraints related to Genotype........................................................ 57 3.3.10.2. Feed and feeding constraints.............................................................. 58 3.3.10.3. Animal Health Constraints in AGP II Districts............................. 59 3.3.10.4. Technology constraints........................................................................59 3.3.10.5. Forage and crop residue management constraints........................59 3.3.11. Livestock production constraint by Districts.............................................60 3.3.12. Prioritizing problems, screening options and interventions.................. 67 3.3.13. Recommendations and outlines of research and development p ro p o sals.............................................................................................................69 iii 3.4. Natural Resource M anagem ent..............................................................................70 3.4.1. Resources............................................................................................................. 72 3.4.1.1. Soil.....................................................................................................................72 3.4.1.2 W ater..................................................................................................................72 3.4.1.3. Irrigation............................................................................................................73 3.4.1.4 Forest land coverage in type........................................................................ 73 3.4.2 Constraints.................................................................................................................... 75 3.4.2.1 Soil Productivity..............................................................................................75 3.4.2.2 Fertilizer Utilization...................................................................................... 76 3.4.2.3 Soil conditions.................................................................................................78 3.2.2.4 Water M anagement constraints by districts............................................ 78 3.4.2.5 Agronomic practices constraints by districts.......................................... 81 3.4.2.6 Rain W ater H arvesting.................................................................................. 81 3.4.3 Forest M anagem ent Constraints by Agro E cology.......................................82 3.4.3.1. Area closure....................................................................................................83 3.4.3.2. Opportunities, Potentials and Constraints..............................................84 3.4.3.3 Summary o f Research Intervention O utlines..........................................91 4. CONCLUSION...................................................................................