Upper Klamath Basin Nonpoint Source Pollution Assessment and Management Program Plan Klamath Tribal Water Quality Consortium September 2018 YUROK TRIBE KARUK TRIBE HOOPA VALLEY TRIBE RESIGHINI QUARTZ VALLEY INDIAN RANCHERIA RESERVATION Upper Klamath Basin Nonpoint Source Pollution Assessment and Management Program Plan Klamath Tribal Water Quality Consortium Prepared with assistance from: Riverbend Sciences and Kier Associates September 2018 Recommended citation: Klamath Tribal Water Quality Consortium. 2018. Upper Klamath Basin Nonpoint Source Pollution Assessment and Management Program Plan. 78p. Upper Klamath Basin Nonpoint Source Pollution Assessment and Management Program Plan TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................................................... ii List of Figures ........................................................................................................................................................................ iv List of Tables.......................................................................................................................................................................... iv 1 Overview ........................................................................................................................................................................ 1 2 Introduction................................................................................................................................................................... 3 2.1 Project Area ............................................................................................................................................................... 3 2.1.1 Incorporation by Reference of Consortium Member Tribes’ NPS Plans ......................................................... 3 2.2 Tribes Involved .......................................................................................................................................................... 5 2.2.1 The Klamath Tribal Water Quality Consortium ............................................................................................... 5 2.2.2 Yurok Tribe ...................................................................................................................................................... 5 2.2.3 Hoopa Valley Tribe .......................................................................................................................................... 6 2.2.4 Quartz Valley Indian Reservation .................................................................................................................... 7 2.2.5 Karuk Tribe ...................................................................................................................................................... 8 2.2.6 Resighini Rancheria .......................................................................................................................................... 8 2.3 Goals and Objectives ................................................................................................................................................. 8 2.4 Public Participation and Governmental Coordination ................................................................................................ 8 3 Methodology .................................................................................................................................................................. 9 3.1 Data Sources .............................................................................................................................................................. 9 3.2 Previous Assessments .............................................................................................................................................. 12 4 Land Use Summary .................................................................................................................................................... 12 4.1 Climate ..................................................................................................................................................................... 12 4.2 Waterbodies and Hydrology .................................................................................................................................... 13 4.3 Fisheries ................................................................................................................................................................... 13 4.4 Sub-basins ................................................................................................................................................................ 14 4.4.1 Williamson River............................................................................................................................................ 14 4.4.2 Sprague River (Including Sycan River) .......................................................................................................... 14 4.4.3 Wood River and Other Tributaries to Upper Klamath Lake ........................................................................... 14 4.4.4 Upper Klamath Lake Including Agency Lake ................................................................................................ 14 4.4.5 Link River, Lake Ewuana, Keno Reservoir, and Lower Klamath Lake (Link Dam To Keno Dam) .............. 15 4.4.6 Hydroelectric Reach (Keno Dam to Iron Gate Dam) ..................................................................................... 16 4.4.7 Lost River (Not Included in NPS Project Area) ............................................................................................. 16 4.5 Dams and Diversions ............................................................................................................................................... 17 4.6 Land Use and Ownership ......................................................................................................................................... 18 4.6.1 National Wildlife Refuges .............................................................................................................................. 21 4.6.2 Forestry ........................................................................................................................................................... 21 4.6.3 Agriculture ...................................................................................................................................................... 21 4.6.4 Urban .............................................................................................................................................................. 21 5 Water Quality Summary ............................................................................................................................................ 22 5.1 Synthesis of Upper Klamath Basin Water Quality Impairments and Links to NPS Pollution ................................. 22 5.2 Phosphorus ............................................................................................................................................................... 23 5.3 Nitrogen ................................................................................................................................................................... 25 5.4 Dissolved Oxygen and pH ....................................................................................................................................... 25 5.5 Temperature ............................................................................................................................................................. 26 5.6 Cyanobacterial toxins ............................................................................................................................................... 26 5.7 Sediment .................................................................................................................................................................. 27 6 Results .......................................................................................................................................................................... 27 6.1 Beneficial Uses ........................................................................................................................................................ 27 6.2 Water Quality Limited Waters ................................................................................................................................. 30 6.3 Attribution of Impairments to NPS pollution for Each Sub-basin ........................................................................... 31 7 Discussion .................................................................................................................................................................... 32 8 Selection of Best Management Practices ................................................................................................................... 32 8.1 Core Participants ...................................................................................................................................................... 32 8.2 Public Participation and Governmental Coordination .............................................................................................. 34 9 Existing NPS Control Programs ...............................................................................................................................