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Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 74-3219 KENNEDY, Peter Edward, 1936- THE LIFE AND PROFESSIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS OF ROBERT JOHN HERMAN KIPHUTH TO YALE AND COMPETITIVE SWIMMING. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1973 Education, physical University Microfilms, A XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan © 1973 Peter Edward Kennedy ALL RIGHTS RESERVED THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED. THE LIFE AND PROFESSIONAL CONTRIBUTIONS OF ROBERT JOHN HERMAN KIPHUTH TO YALE AND COMPETITIVE SWIMMING DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University by Peter Edward Kennedy, A.B., M,A., C.A.S. ***** The Ohio State University 1973 Reading Committee Dr. Bruce L. Bennett Approved by Dr. Robert L. Bartels Dr. Donald Harper Adviser Department of Physical ACKNOWLEDGS ME NT By was of acknowledgement, the author wishes to thank Dr. Bruce L. Bennett, Adviser, for his patience, understanding, advice and constructive criticism, and Dr. Robert L. Bartels and Dr. Donald Harper for sharing their knowledge of competitive swimming. Without the cooperation of DeLaney Kiphuth and Meta Gangwish the study would have been impossible. The writer, moreover, is grateful to the generous response of the coaching profession as well as the personal friends of Bob Kiphuth for their contributions. A special note of thanks is due Karl Michael for his constructive insight into the various facets of compet­ itive swimming. And above all, the author is deeply indebted to Phil Moriarty for his full fledged cooperation and support throughout this study. And finally, the writer wishes to thank all who contributed in any way to the completion of this work. To my typists a sincere thank you for their dedication to the task at hand. ii VITA January 3, 1936 ... Born - Waterbury, Connecticut 1958 AoB. Niagara University Niagara Falls, New York 1959 M. A. Indiana University Bloomington, Indiana 1959 - 1960 . .". Six Month Personal Tour of Europe 1960 ..' 1/lt United States Army Fort Devens and Fort Benning I960 - 1964 Swimming Coach Sacred Heart High School Waterbury, Connecticut 1962 Certificate of Advanced Study Fairfield University Fairfield, Connecticut 1964 - 1966 Assistant Swimming Coach Los Angeles Athletic Club Los Angeles, California 1966 -1967 .'. Teacher Advanced Placement History Roy Co Start High School Toledo, Ohio 1966 - 1968 Swimming Coach The Toledo Club Toledo, Ohio 1967 - 1970 Teacher, Aquatic Director, Water Polo Coach, and Swimming Coach St.. Francis DeSales High School Toledo, Ohio 1968 - 1970 ' Aquatic and Program Director, Swim­ ming Coach and Water Polo Coach Greater Toledo Aquatic Club Toledo, Ohio iii 1970 - 1971 ..... Student Toledo University Toledo, Ohio 1971 - 1973 • • • .. Student The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio 1971 - 1972 o .. ." Assistant Swimming Coach The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio 1972 - 1973 Lecturer, Aquatic Director, Recrea­ tion Supervisor and Swimming Coach Capital University Bexley, Ohio PUBLICATIONS "Can Sports Participation Modify Personality," Swimming Technique April. 1971, pD 2. FIELDS OF STUDY Major Fields: Physical Education, History iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ii VITA iii LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS vii Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY 1 Statement of the Problem and Review of Literature Purposes of the Study Limitations Methods and Procedures 2. YALE FINDS A COACH 15 3. KIPHUTH GRASPS THE REINS - THE COMPETITIVE YEARS 1918-1921 . 34 4. HEADLINES AND BYLINES - THE COMPETITIVE YEARS 1922-1923 53 5. RECORDS AND RELAYS - THE COMPETITIVE YEARS 1924-1940 68 Seasons of 1924-1928 Seasons of 1929-1932 Seasons of 1933-1936 Seasons of 1937-1940 6. AN EPOCH OF VICTORY - THE COMPETITIVE YEARS 1941-1959 98 Seasons of 1941-1942 The War Years and the Ford Years 1943-1945 Seasons of 1946-1949 Seasons of 1950-1959 7. KIPHUTH INTERNATIONAL 157 The Olympic Experience Foreign Trips v Page 8. KIPHUTH'S DRY LAND PROGRAM AND TRAINING TECHNIQUES 189 9. KIPHUTH'S PHILOSOPHY OF ATHLETICS 208 10. AN ANALYTICAL MIND 222 11. THE BELOVED GYMNASIUM 230 12. MAN OF CRITICISM 247 13. MAN OF TASTE—MAN OF LETTERS 255 14. PROFESSIONAL WRITINGS 278 15. THE MAN AND HIS IMAGE 290 APPENDIX A 312 B 327 C 330 D 331 E 333 F 334 G 336 H 338 BIBLIOGRAPHY 339 Vi LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS Photograph Page Robert J. H. Kiphuth viii The 1921 Yale World Record 250-Yard Relay Team 64 Yale Swimmers - Class of 1953 . 120 The Kiphuth Exhibition Pool - Yale University . 153 The 1930 Yale-Hawaiian Team • . 168 The Payne Whitney Gymnasium - Yale University . 231 vii ROBERT J. H. KIPHUTH Age 68 viii ROBERT J. H. KIPHUTH ix Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY Yale was his revered mother and the Gothic Payne Whitney Gymnasium his cathedral. Robert J. H. Kiphuth was not only a cultured, intellectual man of charm but also a human dynamo of activity who demanded respect and loyalty for mother Yale. Protocol was a major precept of his very being but he loved the informality of social intercourse within the Gymnasium. To some he was a tyrant; to others an esteemed god; and yet to most, and to those who knew and understood him best, he was just "Bob." Nonetheless, "on a campus of world famous scholars and sportsmen, he was 'Mr. Yale.,nl He created a unique and colorful dynasty. But then, the man responsible was unique and colorful. Its span of activity was brief—only forty-two years—but its impact was world wide, influencing generations yet unborn. Though fundamentally he slaved for mother Yale, the world was his domain. Kiphuth, a native of Tonawanda, New York, began his Yale years as an exercise-gymnastics-fitness instructor in ^•Cecil Colwin, "Kiphuth Cathedral Yale University," The International Swimmer. VIII (January, 1971), p. 6. 2 1914. But destiny projected him from instructor to addi­ tional duties as pool director and eventually to world fame as a swimming coach. More than any other coach, Kiphuth was responsible for adding the "muscle and mileage" concept to swimming. His theory and program of land exercises success­ fully overthrew the long entrenched concepts of soft muscled swimmers. Kiphuth, a dynamic, self-educated intellectual cap­ able of exploiting his charisma, played a key and unique role in sports administration, coordination and politics. He was the pioneer who opened the doors of the administrative and political arenas to the swimming coach. He accomplished this by utilizing the prestige of his position at Yale, his administrative ability, and his cultural and intellectual capacities to create a highly respected personal image. As a result, he redefined the concept that a swimming coach was "a dressing-gown-clad baths bum"^—a mere trainer that should be seen and not heard by the administrative elements in swimming, and presented the new image of the modern well- dressed, educated and knowledgeable coach to the sports world. In 1914 Yale University hired a mite of a man, physically only five feet six inches tall, with a "bullet 2Majorie Dent Candee (ed.), "Kiphuth, Robert John Herman," Current Biography (New York: The H. W. Wilson Co., 1957), p. 303. ^Colwin, "Kiphuth Cathedral," p. 6. 3 head, bull shoulders and booming baritone voice,as an instructor in physical education. Kiphuth's forty-five years of faithful service to Yale included instructor, assistant professor, and professor in Physical Education (1914-1959), swimming coach (1918-1959), Head of general physical education program (1932-1966), Director of the Payne Whitney Gymnasium (1940-1959), and Director of Athletics (1946-1949). After his retirement he remained on at Yale as a lecturer in Physical Education for an addi­ tional seven years (1959-1966). During this period of time he established himself not only as the world's foremost body-building and competitive swimming authority but also as an expert on the proper technique for fitness and posture. He wrote four books, all of them best sellers.