BENDING the CURVE Your guide to tackling climate change in 2 South Africa CO “Essential reading for the climate crisis” Valli Moosa Edited by Robert Zipplies Foreword by Marthinus van Schalkwyk 1 WorldWorld GHGgreenhouse Emissions gas Flow emissions Chart (Refer flow to Chapterchart 9(the for details) “spaghetti chart”) Sector End Use/Activity Gas Road 9.9% Transportation 13.5% Air 1.6% Rail, Ship, & Other Transport 2.3% Residential Buildings 9.9% Electricity & Heat 24.6% Commercial Buildings 5.4% Unallocated Fuel Combustion 3.5% Iron & Steel 3.2% Aluminum/Non-Ferrous Metals 1.4% Machinery 1.0% Carbon Dioxide Pulp, Paper & Printing 1.0% Food & Tobacco 1.0% (CO2) 77% Other Fuel 9.0% Chemicals 4.8% ENERGY Combustion Cement 3.8% Industry 10.4% Other Industry 5.0% T&D Losses 1.9% Coal Mining 1.4% Fugitive Emissions 3.9% Oil/Gas Extraction, Refining 6.3% & Processing Industrial Processes 3.4% Deforestation 18.3% Afforestation -1.5% Land Use Change 18.2% Reforestation -0.5% Harvest/Management 2.5% HFCs, PFCs, Other -0.6% SF6 1% Agricultural Energy Use 1.4% Methane Agriculture Soils 6.0% (CH4) 14% Agriculture 13.5% Livestock & Manure 5.1% Rice Cultivation 1.5% Other Agriculture 0.9% Nitrous Oxide Landfills 2.0% Waste 3.6% (N2O) 8% Wastewater, Other Waste 1.6% SourcesSources & &Notes: Notes All: All data data is for is for2000. 2000. All calculations All calculations are based are based on CO on2 equivalents, CO2 equivalents, using 100-year using 100-year global warming global potentialswarming potentialsfrom the IPCC from (1996), the IPCC based (1996), on a total based global on estimatea total global of 41,755 MtCO2 equivalent. Land use change includes both emissions and absorptions; see Chapter 16. See Appendix 2 for detailed description of sector and end use/activity definitions, as well as data sources. estimate of 41 755 Mt CO2 equivalent. Dotted lines represent flows of less than 0.1% of total GHG emissions. Land-use change includes both emissions and absorptions. For more Dottedinformation lines represent and detailed flows ofdescriptions less than 0.1% of sector percent and of totalend-use/activity GHG emissions. definitions, as well as data sources, read the World Resources Institute’s “Navigating the Numbers” report at www.wri.org. See Chapter 9 for more information. 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