BORDER SECURITY REPORT VOLUME 17 FOR THE World’s border prOTECTION, MANAGEMENT AND SECURITY INDUSTRY NOVEMBER / DECEMBER 2019 POLICY-MAKERS AND PRACTITIONERS COVER STORY LESSONS From ALGERIA ON FOREIGN terrorist FIGHTERS SPECIAL REPORT AGENCY NEWS SHORT REPORT INDUSTRY NEWS Navigating borderlands in A global review of the World Migration Report 2020 Latest news, views and the Sahel Border security latest news and challenges Launched p.4 innovations from the governance and mixed from border agencies and industry. p.36 migration p.14 agencies at the border. p.18 2 COMMENT contacts Johnson Wins! What does this mean for European border security? Editorial: Tony Kingham Boris Johnson’s emphatic election win that can be said to be one of the main E: [email protected] means that he will now almost certainly catalysts of Brexit in the first place. get the Brexit withdrawal agreement Assistant Editor: The rapid expansion of Frontex to passed through the UK parliament Neil Walker operationally support member states by the 31st January, and the UK will E: [email protected] struggling with irregular migration is an formally leave the European Union (EU). expedient forced upon a reluctant EU Design, Marketing & Production: Of course, once the agreement is by the migrant crisis. Neil Walker approved, , then starts the twelve- E: [email protected] But changing times require changing month transition period when nothing attitudes and actions, and it may be much changes whilst the equally Subscriptions: time for a properly EU funded agency painful process of negotiating a trade Tony Kingham to take on full responsibility for all the deal gets done. E: [email protected] EU’s external borders, land, sea and air But where does this leave European and an FBI style role for Europol. Border Security Report is a bi-monthly security? electronic magazine and is the border Of course, that’s not going happen for management industry magazine With the UK leaving the EU and their the foreseeable future. But one day! delivering agency and industry news and security relationship is undecided, developments, as well as more in-depth the EU has some hard decisions to features and analysis to over 20,000 make regarding its future security Tony Kingham border agencies, agencies at the borders arrangements. Editor and industry professionals, policymakers Now it is highly likely that pragmatism and practitioners, worldwide. will win the day and the future UK/EU security deal won’t be too dissimilar to current arrangements. But nothing in this process can be taken for granted! After all, it was the concerns over the free movement of people and insecure Copyright of KNM Media and Torch internal and external European borders Marketing. READ THE FULL VERSION The digital version of Border Security Report contains all the additional articles and news listed in the contents page below. The full digital version is available for download at www.border-security-report.com/BSR Border Security Report | November/December 2019 CONTENTS 3 CONTENTS BORDER SECURITY REPORT 4 World Migration Report 2020 Launched Launched at the 2019 IOM Council meeting by IOM Director General, António Vitorino, the latest edition of its flagship publication. 5 Lessons from Algeria on foreign terrorist fighters States must take responsibility for removing their nationals from conflicts raging in the Sahel. » p.5 8 AGENCY REPORTS Latest news and reports reports from key agencies INTERPOL, OSCE, EUROPOL and the IOM. 14 Navigating borderlands in the Sahel Border security governance and mixed migration in Liptako-Gourma Introduction to a research report published by the Mixed Migration Centre. 18 AGENCY NEWS » p.14 » p.18 A global review of the latest news, views, stories, challenges and issues from border agencies and agencies at the border. 22 Passive Terahertz Technology Enables International Customs Agencies to Fill a Critical Gap in Border Security Thruvision has over 250 passive terahertz people screening units in operational service around the world and shares its experiences. 28 World Border Security Congress A look at the annual international border security gathering being hosted in Athens, Greece on March 31st-2nd April 2020. » p.22 36 industry news Latest news, views and innovations from the industry. Border Security Report | November/December 2019 4 SHORT REPORT World Migration Report 2020 Launched In a global media at risk, and most likely result in the forced relocation of environment highly our people, and the loss of our homeland.” interested in the issue German Ambassador Michael von Ungern-Sternberg of migration, the need pointed out that migration has become an intensely for verified, evidence- debated issue in societies around the globe. based analysis on this defining issue of “This is a good development. However, we have to face our time has never the risk of undue politization and misrepresentation of been more urgent. facts,” he said. “The World Migration Report will contribute As the UN-related agency responsible for migration, it to a constructive discussion of this highly sensitive has long been IOM’s imperative to promote a balanced issue and lay the ground for much needed international understanding of migration across the world. cooperation”. Launched at the 2019 IOM Council meeting by IOM The report builds on the critical success of WMR 2018, Director General, António Vitorino, the latest edition of with various chapters written in collaboration between its flagship publication, the World Migration Report 2020 IOM experts, migration practitioners and some of the (WMR 2020), continues the organization’s commitment to leading migration researchers in the world. providing information on migration that is well-researched, Marie McAuliffe, co-editor of the WMR 2020, stressed the rigorous and accessible. significance of partnerships. “IOM has an obligation to demystify the complexity and “To capture the latest evidence on migration, the diversity of human mobility,” Director General Vitorino told thematic chapters are authored by some of the leading representatives of IOM’s member states. researchers in the field, and the report was co-edited with “As this report shows, we have a continuously growing the distinguished scholar, Professor Binod Khadria, of and improving body of data and information that can help Jawaharlal Nehru University in India,” she said. us ‘make better sense’ of the basic features of migration “To ensure WMR 2020 provides a high-quality contribution in increasingly uncertain times,” he said. as a major reference report on migration, the draft report First published 20 years ago, this tenth edition in the was peer-reviewed by leading migration academics and World Migration Report series provides the latest data IOM thematic specialists prior to finalization.” and information on migration as well as analysis of The WMR 2020 is the first to be published in a digital- complex and emerging migration issues. WMR 2018 was only format, a measure taken in recognition of the need downloaded over 400,000 times. for environmentally sustainable material in both process Topics covered in the report include human mobility and and content. Readers from around the world, including environmental change, migrants’ contributions in an era of policymakers, academics, migration practitioners, disinformation, children and unsafe migration, migration journalists, students and the general public, will be able to and health (among others), which are not only timely, but download the publication for free in English and Spanish, are also highly relevant for both specialist and general while work on other translations continues. audiences. As migration continues to be an issue of heightened Ambassador Doreen Debrum, Permanent Representative interest, the WMR 2020 is key to meeting the growing to the United Nations in Geneva of the Republic of demand for evidence-based, high-quality research on this the Marshall Islands, who also spoke at the launch, issue, while also helping to debunk the ‘fake news’ and welcomed the report, stressing that “the Republic of the misinformation designed to influence public and political Marshall Islands is now at the brink. Each scientific report discourse. brings home a more profound and serious exposé of the Download Report at https://publications.iom.int/books/ imminent risks, threats and dangers posed by climate world-migration-report-2020 change; this would put the entire Marshallese population Border Security Report | November/December 2019 SPECIAL REPORT 5 LESSONS FROM ALGERIA ON FOREIGN TERRORIST FIGHTERS States must take responsibility for Over the past two and a half years, from those three countries, with removing their nationals from conflicts Algeria has convinced many of many fighting close to their homes. raging in the Sahel. its citizens fighting in the Sahel However, a small cadre of foreign to surrender. While this alone fighters linked to al-Qaeda or Dr Matthew Herbert, Senior Research Consultant, ISS. won’t end the region’s conflicts, Islamic State are also present. In The article was first published by ISS for peacebuilding to succeed the the wake of Islamic State’s losses Today. presence of foreign fighters must in Syria, there are fears these For more go to: https://issafrica.org/ be addressed. Algeria’s programme numbers in the Sahel will grow. iss-today. shows a way of doing so. Algerians in particular stand out for The security situation in the Sahel their involvement in the Sahelian is getting worse, as a network of conflicts. Their presence poses a conflicts driven by terrorist groups, security challenge for Algeria, and insurgents and local militias has led the government to institute spreads across Mali, Burkina Faso a programme to demobilise Algerian and Niger. Most combatants are terrorists in the Sahel. Since 2017 Border Security Report | November/December 2019 6 SPECIAL REPORT 2016. Forty-one out of the 156 became involved with terrorist groups in 2012 alone. This suggests that most Algerians fighting in the Sahel are not long-time militants who were driven from their country into the Sahel.