CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL CRANSWICK EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE COUNCIL JULY 2006 1 CRANSWICK CONSERVATION AREA through which runs the main Scarborough APPRAISAL to Hull railway line. The village has a historically agricultural background, but in INTRODUCTION more recent times a number of farming enterprises have moved out of the village Hutton Cranswick is a large village some and land has been lost to agriculture being eight miles north of Beverley and four developed for residential purposes. miles south of Driffield. The village The 2006 re-survey has been undertaken consists of two distinct settlements; in accordance with Guidance on Hutton to the north is the smallest of the Conservation Area Appraisals, issued in two and has as its focal point a restored August 2005 by English Heritage, in order medieval Church, Cranswick to the south to meet the aim of the national is centred on a large village green with Government that Conservation Areas streets radiating from it. The settlement should be re-surveyed every five years. of Cranswick is surrounded on all sides by open agricultural land. The Conservation DEFINITION OF CRANSWICK'S Area is located in the centre of the SPECIAL INTEREST settlement and constitutes approximately 15% of the settlement's area. The village of Cranswick is a large settlement which has grown up The Conservation Area in Cranswick was around an agricultural base and designated by the East Yorkshire Borough economy. The agricultural base has Council on 9 December 1976. been diluted in recent years and the prime purpose of the village is now The Town and Country Planning Act that of a residential se ttlement with 1990 defines a conservation area as "an some local industry and business. area of special architectural or historic interest the character or appearance of The Conservation Area includes the which it is desirable to preserve and historic part of the village which is enhance". For the designation of located around a large area of green. conservation areas to be effective, it is The link between the green and the important that rational and consistent main Beverley Road to the east of the judgements are made in determining Conservation Area ha s been included their special qualities and local within the Conservation Area. The distinctiveness, as well as their value to character of the Conservation Area is the local community. Such judgements very much tied into the village green. should be based on a thorough understanding of the area in its wider LOCATION AND CONTEXT context, reached through a detailed appraisal of its character. Cranswick is a large village settlement located eight miles north of Beverley and four miles south of Driffield. The smaller The village of Cranswick is substantial in village of Hutton is located close to the nature containing a varied road pattern northern boundary of the settlement. The 2 Conservation Area is located in the central The Landscape Character Assessment part of the village and includes the village identifies this area of farmland between green, the development clustered around Beverley and Driffield as being slightly it, including parts of Main Street, Hobman raised and gently undulating, with fields Lane, Southgate and The Green. The that are generally medium in size and Conservation Area also includes a part of rectilinear in shape, but arranged in an Main Street which extends the irregular pattern overall. Conservation Area in a north-westerly direction towards Beverley Road. The Landscape Character Assessment also indicates that whilst this area continues to GENERAL CHARACTER AND be dominated by intensive agriculture, PLAN FORM there are examples of previously widespread wetland habitats, such as The Conservation Area is centred around Bryan Mills Field SSSI which is an the large green area which serves as a focal important area of spring-fed tall fen which point for both the village and the would have been a far more abundant Conservation Area. The Green is feature of this landscape historically. The surrounded on four sides by highways hedgerow network throughout this area which are built up, for the most part, with remains an important aspect of the development in close proximity to the landscape, and hedges are dominated by highway opposite the main Green. hawthorn, with hazel, ash, blackthorn, Hobman Lane runs into the south- elder, field maple and dogwood. western corner of The Green whilst Southgate runs into the south-east corner The village of Cranswick has expanded of The Green. Main Street runs rapidly in the last 40 years and as a essentially east/west across the top of The consequence mature landscaping towards Green and this street links Beverley Road the fringes of the settlement is not well to the west with the extended village and established. Within the Conservation railway line to the east. Area the main areas of established landscaping take place within the Village The form of built environment along Green and there are a number of areas of Main Street takes the form of linear mature trees within what is essentially an development built in close proximity to open green landscape. A large village the back of the highway. Hobman Lane pond exists adjacent to Main Street on the runs along the western edge of The Green northern boundary of The Green and this and has a different pattern of consists of an area of water surrounded by development along it with dwellings set a footpath with a central raised area back from the highway in close proximity containing a Willow. to the more dominate Hutton Cranswick Primary School building. The predominant built environment HISTORIC DEVELOPMENT consists of two storey dwellings, shops, AND ARCHAEOLOGY pubs and in the area around The Green, apart from the Primary School, there are THE ORIGINS AND HISTORIC no dominant buildings. DEVELOPMENT OF THE AREA LANDSCAPE SETTING Hutton Cranswick is a large village The Cranswick Conservation Area lies consisting of two distinct settlements, within the ‘Lund Sloping Farmland’ Hutton to the north is the smallest of the Landscape Character Area, as identified in two. Cranswick to the south was first the East Riding of Yorkshire Landscape mentioned in the Domesday Book in 1086 Character Assessment (ERYC, 2005). and came to prominence in the area in the 3 Middle Ages. In the 14th century Hutton village with the western part of the village Cranswick was the 12th wealthiest on the other side of the railway line. The settlement in the East Riding. The wealth north-eastern part of Main Street included came, no doubt, form the markets and within the Conservation Area and runs fairs at Cranswick which were the subject towards Beverley Road. The form of of a Royal Grant in 1310. Perhaps the development is again tightly knit property size of The Green reflects the scale of the located in close proximity to the back of markets and fairs and it would seem likely pavement. that up until the 17th century, when they had ceased, the weekly markets were held KEY VIEWS AND VISTAS on The Green. Cranswick still has the atmosphere of an independent market Because of surrounding development village with its shops, school, Chapel and there are few long range public views of Friendly Society halls. the Conservation Area from the outside. The main views and vistas are obtained in During the last 40 years Cranswick has the central part of the Conservation Area been selected for development within a around The Green. The Green displays a succession of Development Plans for the 360 degree panorama of the built area. This has led to an expansion of the environment located around it. village and significantly diluted the historic nature of the original settlement. CHARACTER ANALYSIS ARCHAEOLOGY INCLUDING ANY SCHEDULED MONUMENTS DEFINITION OF CHARACTER AREAS AND ZONES There are no Scheduled Monuments within the Conservation Area. It is considered that the Conservation Area has two defined zones within it. SPATIAL ANALYSIS The first and primary zone relates to The Green and the development around it. THE CHARACTER AND INTER- The character of the area is established by RELATIONSHIP OF THE SPACES the large area of green and the WITHIN THE AREA development surrounding it on all four sides. The road pattern, for the most part, The Conservation Area of Cranswick is tightly encircles The Green area. The characterised by the large Village Green Green contains a number of mature trees area around which development is and a pond feature abutting onto Main grouped. Development on the north side Street. is tightly knit but that on the south side was more loosely grouped and consisted The second zone comprises of the north- of cottages with open views between. western portion of Main Street between This has been eroded to some degree by The Green and Beverley Road. The new buildings and extensions but still pattern of development is characterised by retains a distinctly different character. tight knit development in a linear form From The Green there are sweeping vistas built in close proximity to the back of the of Main Street, Hobman Lane, The Green highway. The Conservation Area and Southgate, but because of the boundary skirts an area of modern development enclosing the Green there terraced properties which front onto Main are few opportunities for views beyond Street and these do not contribute to the the boundary of the Conservation Area. character of the area. Main Street runs through the village settlement linking the eastern part of the 4 THE INFLUENCE OF HISTORIC Holding Sheds (Known as Cranswick LAND USE ON THE PATTERN OF Garage, Main Street) (II) DEVELOPMENT AND BUILDING No. 14a Station Road (II) FORM Sunderlandwick House (II) Stables to Sunderlandwick House (II) The village of Cranswick is now primarily residential in character with a number of THE CONTRIBUTION OF KEY shopping, commercial and business uses UNLISTED BUILDINGS within it.