InformationAnalysisand Repackaging DLIS402 INFORMATION ANALYSIS AND REPACKAGING Copyright © 2012 Wasim Ul Haque All rights reserved Produced & Printed by LAXMI PUBLICATIONS (P) LTD. 113, Golden House, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002 for Lovely Professional University Phagwara DLP-7756-135-INFORMATION ANALYSIS REPACK C-4682/012/01 Typeset at: Goswami Associates, Delhi Printed at: Saras Graphics Pvt. Ltd. SYLLABUS Information Analysis and Repackaging Objectives: • To customize information to user needs • To facilitate dissemination, organization and communication. • To facilitate interactivity between user, knowledge base, and technology. Sr. No. Content 1 Information Analysis, Repackaging and Consolidation: Information Analysis, Repackaging and Consolidation: Concept, Process. Guiding Principles for arrangement and presentation of idea in a helpful sequence. 2 Electronic Content Creation. Information Consolidation Products: Concepts, Types, Design, Development and Methodology. 3 Information Products : Information News-letter, Hand Book, House Bulletin, In- house Communication, Trade Bulletin, Product Bulletin, State–of–the-Art Report, Trend Report. 4 Technical Digest : Nature, concept, types, design and development 5 Information Retrieval: IR Models, Search Strategies; Manual / Machine, Feedback and Refining. Evaluation of Information Retrieval Systems; Project and Parameters 6 Marketing of Information: Concept, Need, Benefits, Ingredients. Information Marketing in India. Trends in Marketing of Information Services. 7 Cataloguing & Subject Indexing: Principles and Practices: Principles of Subject Cataloguing: Assigning Subject Headings Using Library of Congress Subject Headings and Sear’s List of Subject Headings etc. Pre & Post Coordinate Indexing Systems and Citation Indexing. Development of Indexing Concept 8 Indexing Language: Types and Characteristics: Indexing Language: Types and Characteristics. Vocabulary Control. Tools of Vocabulary Control. Structure and Construction of an IR Thesaurus, Trends in automatic indexing. CONTENTS Unit 1: Information Analysis, Repackaging and Consolidation 1 Unit 2: Information Consolidation 24 Unit 3: Information Products 38 Unit 4: Technical Digestion 94 Unit 5: Information Retrieval 101 Unit 6: Information Retrieval Model and Search Strategies 109 Unit 7: Marketing of Information 134 Unit 8: Marketing of Services and Marketing Intelligence 146 Unit 9: Cataloguing and Subject Indexing: Principles and Practices 157 Unit 10: Pre-coordinate, Post-coordinate and Citation Indexing 173 Unit 11: Indexing Language: Types and Characteristics 192 Unit 12: Content Analysis 252 Unit 13: Abstract and Abstracting 273 Unit 14: Information Planning and Management 285 Unit 1: Information Analysis, Repackaging and Consolidation Unit 1: Information Analysis, Repackaging and Notes Consolidation CONTENTS Objectives Introduction 1.1 Information Analysis 1.2 Information Analysis Concept 1.3 Information Analysis Process 1.4 Information Processing Analysis 1.4.1 Differences 1.4.2 Aim 1.4.3 Functions 1.5 Arrangement and Presentation 1.6 Arrangement Methodology 1.7 Theoretical Framework 1.8 Conceptual Framework 1.8.1 Objectives of the Study 1.8.2 The Problem 1.9 Principles of Arrangement 1.9.1 Basic Principle of Arrangement 1.10 Arrangement in the National Archives 1.11 Arrangement of Subgroups 1.12 Arrangement by Series 1.13 Arrangement of File Units 1.14 Principles of Presentation 1.14.1 The Five Principles of Effective Presentation 1.15 Electronic Content Development 1.16 Digital Content Creation 1.17 Metadata Guide LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 1 Information Analysis and Repackaging Notes 1.18 Summary 1.19 Keywords 1.20 Review Questions 1.21 Further Readings Objectives After studying this unit, you will be able to: • Define information analysis • Explain information analysis process • Describe arrangement and presentation • Define theoretical framework • Describe arrangement of subgroups and arrangement by series • Explain principles of presentation and metadata guide. Introduction Information analysis has been carried out by scholars at least as early as the time of the Abyssinian Empire with the emergence of cultural depositories, what is today known as libraries and archives. Institutionally, information science emerged in the 19th century along with many other social science disciplines. As a science, however, it finds its institutional roots in the history of science, beginning with publication of the first issues of Philosophical Transactions, generally considered the first scientific journal, in 1665 by the Royal Society (London). 1.1 Information Analysis The institutionalization of science occurred throughout the 18th Century. In 1731, Benjamin Franklin established the Library Company of Philadelphia, the first library owned by a group of public citizens, which quickly expanded beyond the realm of books and became a center of scientific experiment, and which hosted public exhibitions of scientific experiments. Benjamin Franklin did invest a town in Massachusetts with a collection of books that the town voted to make available to all free of charge, which formed the first Public Library. Academie de Chirurgia (Paris) published Memoires pour les Chirurgiens, generally considered to be the first medical journal, in 1736. The American Philosophical Society, patterned on the Royal Society (London), was founded in Philadelphia in 1743. As numerous other scientific journals and societies were founded, Alois Senefelder developed the concept of lithography for use in mass printing work in Germany in 1796. 1.2 Information Analysis Concept Information is the vital input into any active management strategy. Information separates active management from passive management. Information, properly applied, allows active managers to outperform their informationless bench marks. Information analysis is the science of evaluating 2 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY Unit 1: Information Analysis, Repackaging and Consolidation information content, and refining information to build portfolios. Information analysis works both Notes for managers who use a non-quantitative process and for those who use a quantitative investment process. The only requirement is that there is a process. Information is a fuzzy concept. Information analysis begins by transforming information into something concrete: investment portfolios. Then it analyzes the performance of those portfolios to determine the value of the information. Information analysis can work with something as simple as an analyst’s buy and sell recommendations. Or it can work with alpha forecasts for a broad universe of stocks. Information analysis is not concerned with the intuition or process used to generate stock recommendations, only with the recommendations themselves. Information analysis can be precise. It can determine whether information is valuable on the upside, the downside, or both. It can determine whether information is valuable over short horizons or long horizons. It can determine whether information is adding value to your investment process. The science of information analysis began in the 1970s with work by Treynor and Black [1973], Brealey and Hodges [1973], Ambachtsheer [1974], Rosenberg [1976], and Ambachtsheer and Farrell [1979]. These authors all investigated the role of active management in investing: its ability to add value and measures for determining this. Treynor and Black, and Hodges and Brealey, were the first to examine the role of security analysis and active management within the context of the capital asset pricing model. They investigated the requirements for active management to outperform the market, and identify the importance of correlations between return forecasts and outcomes among these requirements. Ambachtsheer, alone and with Farrell, provides further insights into the active management process, specifically, turning information into investments. He coined the term “information coefficient,” or IC, to describe this correlation between forecasts of residual returns (alphas) and subsequent realizations. Rosenberg investigates the active management process and measures of its performance, as part of his analysis of the optimal amount of active management for institutional investors. This really shows the pioneering work of these authors, but focuses explicitly on the task of information analysis itself. It presents a unified treatment of information analysis, with both theoretical discussions and concrete examples. Literally, Information repackaging is to package the information again, or change from one form to another. This concept refers to transcript speech, song, chant, prayer, or mantra. It could also mean to transfer an object into graphs, drawings, poetry, or change media to other media such as paper, digital, magnetic tape, microfiche, DVD. Repackaging information could be translated from one language into another, such as translation, interpretation, and could also be the changes in functions such as revision, summary, analysis, treatises, and even annotation. Actually, information repackaging is not a new concept for library and information work, and it is parallel to abstracting and indexing work, selective dissemination of information, bulletins and current awareness services. They repackage the information to customize the information on user needs. Agricultural libraries that serve the agricultural extension, would have to do container information in the form of booklets or posters such as industrial trees will be more