FLOOD MAPPING AND FLOOD DAMAGE ESTIMATION USING GIS By MohamadRezafahmi Bin Mohd Saleh Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Bachelor of Engineering (Hons) (Civil Engineering) JUNE 2010 Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Bandar Seri Iskandar 31750 Tronoh PerakDarul Ridzuan CERTIFICATION OF APPROVAL Flood Mapping and Flood Damage Estimation using GIS by MohamadRezafahmi Bin Mohd Saleh A project dissertationsubmitted to the Civil EngineeringProgramme Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS in partial fulfillment of the requirementfor the BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (Hons) (CIVIL ENGINEERING) Approved by: r As Zc. Prof. Dr. Abdul Nasir Bin Matori Project Supervisor UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS TRONOH, PERAK June 2010 i CERTIFICATION OF ORIGINALITY This is to certify that I am responsiblefor the work submittedin this project, that the original work is my own except as specified in the references and acknowledgements,and that the original work contained herein have not been undertakenor done by unspecifiedsources or persons. - lu/ý, " Mohamad zafahmi Bin Mohd Saleh 11 Flood mapping has been used widely in many countries nowadaysas a method to encounter this natural hazard phenomenon.In the past few years, studies about the flood analysis and modeling used to take years. But now, with the facilitation of Geographical Information System (GIS) automated process,the studies are faster and even accurate in modeling the flood inundation area. The used of GIS is essential as a planning tool for floods, educating the populations at risk and managing floods as they actually rise. Featuresin the GIS itself such as the 3-D Visualization and detailed hydrological characteristic help a lot in defining areas which is vulnerable to flood. Generally, flood mapping can identify the effects of flooding and those effects are representedin hazard and risk mapping. The main advantage of using GIS for flood managementis that it not only generates a visualization of flooding but also createspotential to further analyzethis product to estimateprobable damagedue to flood. This paper is to demonstratethe use of GIS in constructing the flood map at studies area.The map then are derive into Digital Terrain Model (DTM) to make the identification in flood vulnerable areas easier which provide high detailed representationof the topographical variations in the Earth's surface. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This project has taken about a year of planning and working processes in order to fulfill the requirements of Final Year Project subject. In a year duration, many peoples had being involved either directly or indirectly whose contribute in assorted ways to this project in order to make it a success. Thus, it is a pleasure for me to convey my heartfelt gratitude to them all in this humble acknowledgement. In the first place,I would like to recordmy gratitude to Assoc. Prof. Dr. Abdul Nasir Bin Matori. He was not only served as my supervisor but also encouragedand challenged me throughout his constructive comments, critics and valuable suggestions.Besides, his full supports and advices had actually inspired me and developmy skills as a researcherand engineerto be. It is also a pleasureto pay tribute to governmentbody that had been given their full cooperationduring the data gatheringprocess which is Mr. Ismail bin Mat Noh, from Hydrology Department (JPS Perak Tengah), Mrs. Hanida from Engineering Department(JPS Seri Iskandar)and Mr. MuhammadAzian bin Radzali, from River Engineering Department(JPS Negeri Perak). Their crucial contribution is actually the backboneof my project. Not to forgot, my parents and family members who have given a never-ending support in the quest to gain valuable knowledge and experience in this university throughout the completion of this project. They deserve a special mention for their inseparable supports and prayers. Certainly on the list of peoplesto be thank of are all friends from all aroundand also to those peoplethat not be mentionedhere. Your namesmay slip of my mind at this moment, but your actions and helps stay in my mind forever. And last but not least,grateful gratitudeto the almighty God that has madeall things possible. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS CERTIFICATION OF APPROVAL i ....................................................... CERTIFICATION OF ORIGINALITY ii ................................................... ABSTRACT ..................................................................................... iii iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................... TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................... v LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................... vii ii LIST OF TABLES ..................... ..................................................... viii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 ............................................................ 1.1 Background Study 1 of ................................................. 1.2 Problem Statement 2 .................................................... 1.3 Objectives 3 ............................................................ Significance Projects 3 1.4 of .............................................. Scope Study 3 1.5 of ....................................................... REVIEW CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE ................................................. 4 2.1 Natural Phenomenon 4 ................................................. 2.2 Flood Mapping 4 ........................................................ 2.3 UnderstandingGeographical Data 6 ................................. 2.3.1 Spatial Data 6 .................................................. 2.3.2 Tabular Data 6 .................................................. 2.3.3 Image Data 6 .................................................... 2.4 Digital Terrain Model 10 ............................................. 2.4.1 Elements Digital Terrain Modeling 10 of .................. 2.4.2 Data Points in DTM 11 ....................................... 2.5 DrainageModelling 13 ................................................. 2.5.1 Surface Water Drainage Watersheds 13 and ............... CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 16 .......................................................... 3.1 Project Research 18 .................................................... 3.2 Project Tools 18 ......................................................... 3.3 Data Gathering 18 ...................................................... Training ArcView GIS 3.2 20 3.4 Basic with ........................... V CHAPTER 4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 21 ................................................ 4.1 Results 21 ................................................................. 4.1.1 Identification Flood Area 21 of .............................. 4.1.2 Comparison between Results and Existing Flood Data 28 .......................................................... 4.1.3 Flood Estimation Damage 31 ................................ 4.1.3.1 Road 31 .............................................. 4.1.3.2 Houses 33 ............................................ CHAPTER 5 ECONOMIC BENEFITS 34 ................................................. CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 36 ....................... REFERENCES 37 ................................................................................. APPENDICES V1 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Example GIS 5 of themes ............................................................ Figure 2: Satellite Image 7 ...................................................................... Figure 3: Superimposition technique between 1973 and 1996 topographical map.... 9 4: Main DTM 11 Figure tasks of ................................................................ Figure 5: Elevation data in the form of contours used by GIS for computing the DTM 12 ................................................................................. Figure 6: Representationof streamnetworks as dendritic (left) or anabranching (right) 14 ................................................................................. 7: Primary flow 16 Figure work ................................................................ 8: Secondary flow 17 Figure work .............................................................. Pasu in dxf format 21 Figure 9: Kubang map .......................................................... 10: Contour lines DTM 22 Figure are transforms to ......................................... Figure 11: River network overlay with Kubang Pasu map, blue shaded indicate the flood 23 area............................................................ Figure 12: Bota in dxf format 23 map ......................................................... Figure 13: Contour lines transformsto DTM 24 are .......................................... Figure 14: River network overlay with Bota map, blue shadedindicate flood 25 the area...................................................................... SungaiSiput in dxf format 25 Figure 15: map ................................................ lines DTM 26 Figure 16: Contour are transformsto .......................................... Figure 17: River network overlay with SungaiSiput contour map, blue shaded flood 27 indicate the area........................................................... vii LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Value Properties 12 of ................................................................. Table 2: Cost Repairing Road 12 of ............................................................ Table 3: House Building Properties