Project No. 02-31 COPY NO._1_ ASSESSMENT OF SOUND INSULATION TREATMENTS FINAL REPORT Prepared for ACRP Transportation Research Board of The National Academies Ben H. Sharp Yuriy A. Gurovich Ferdows K. Fazeli Wyle Arlington, VA Eric Miller Architectural Testing York, PA September 2013 ACKNOWLEGMENT OF SPONSORSHIP This section reserved for future use. DISCLAIMER This is an uncorrected draft as submitted by the research agency. The opinion and conclusions expressed or implied in the report are those of the research agency. They are not necessarily those of the Transportation Research Board, the national Academies, or the program sponsors. Project No. 02-09 COPY NO._1_ ASSESSMENT OF SOUND INSULATION TREATMENTS FINAL REPORT Prepared for ACRP Transportation Research Board of The National Academies Ben H. Sharp Yuriy A. Gurovich Ferdows K. Fazeli Wyle Arlington, VA Eric Miller Architectural Testing York, PA September CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES ......................................................................................................... vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................................................... ix EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................... xi CHAPTER 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1-1 CHAPTER 2 Literature Review .......................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1. Scope of the Review ............................................................................................................. 2-1 2.2. Sound Insulation Studies and Research ................................................................................ 2-1 2.3. Testing Standards .................................................................................................................. 2-5 2.3.1. Acoustic Test Procedures .......................................................................................... 2-5 2.3.2. Laboratory Test Procedures ....................................................................................... 2-5 2.3.3. Field Test Procedures ................................................................................................ 2-6 2.3.4. Single Number Sound Transmission Loss Metrics ............................................... ....2-9 2.3.5. AAMA Test Standards for Building Elements ........................................................ 2-11 2.3.6. Summary.…………………………………………………………………..... ....... .2-13 2.4. Federal Policies and Regulations ......................................................................................... 2-13 2.4.1. An Historical Overview........................................................................................... 2-13 2.4.2. Criteria for Sound Insulation Programs ................................................................... 2-16 2.4.3. Summary ................................................................................................................. 2-19 2.5. Airport Implementation ...................................................................................................... 2-19 2.6. Evaluation of Sound Insulation Programs …………………………………...….… ........ .2-22 2.7. Deterioration of Building Elements………………………………………………… ........ 2-24 2.8. Guidance……………………………………………………………………………. ........ 2-27 2.9. Summary……………………………………………………………………...…….. ........ 2-28 CHAPTER 3 Sound Insulation Program Data Collection ................................................................ 3-1 3.1. Introduction........................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.2. Program Data Required ........................................................................................................ 3-1 3.3. Selection of Airport Programs to be Assessed……………………………………… .......... 3-2 3.4. Sound Insulation Program Database ………………………………………..……… .......... 3-4 CHAPTER 4 Sound Insulation Performance Measurements ........................................................... 4-1 4.1. Introduction........................................................................................................................... 4-1 4.2. Measurement Program Objectives……………………………………………….…. .......... 4-1 4.3. Airport Selection Rationale and Prioritization ...................................................................... 4-1 4.4. Selection of Dwellings to be Evaluated ................................................................................ 4-2 4.5. Homeowner Approach .......................................................................................................... 4-2 i 4.6. Acoustic Test Procedures ..................................................................................................... 4-3 4.7. Inspection Procedure ............................................................................................................ 4-4 CHAPTER 5 Noise Reduction Measurements in Residences Exposed to Aircraft Noise ................ 5-1 5.1. Introduction........................................................................................................................... 5-1 5.2. Uncertainty in the Test Results ............................................................................................. 5-1 5.3. Boston Logan International Airport ...................................................................................... 5-1 5.4. Conclusion.………………….…………………………………………….... ................... .5-18 5.5. City of Inglewood………………………………... ........................................................... .5-19 5.6. Summary of Acoustic Performance Measurements ............................................................ 5-21 CHAPTER 6 Evolution of the Sound Insulation Process………………………………….. ............. .6-1 6.1. Product Problems Encountered…………………………………………………….. .......... 6-1 6.2. Quality Assurance and Control in Manufacturing………………………………….. .......... 6-6 6.3. Quality Control During Construction……………………………………………… .......... .6-6 6.4. Building Codes and Testing Standards…………………………………………… ............. 6-8 6.5. Summary…………………………………………………………………….……… .......... 6-9 REFERENCES………………………………………………………………………………… ............ R-1 ii LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES LIST OF FIGURES Figure 5-1 Noise Reduction Measured at BOS 01, Bedroom……………………………………….. .... 5-5 Figure 5-2 Bottom Condition of Second Window for Retesting (view from inside of bedroom)……. .. 5-6 Figure 5-3 Windows and Walls at BOS 01………………………………………………………...... .... 5-7 Figure 5-4 Noise Reduction Measured at BOS 01 Living Room………………………………….…... 5-7 Figure 5-5 BOS 01 Living Room Windows and Walls………………………………………………… 5-8 Figure 5-6 Windows at BOS 03: (a) Exterior Views; (b) Interior Views…………………………….. .. 5-9 Figure 5-7 Noise Reduction Measured at BOS 03 Living Room……………………………….……...5-10 Figure 5-8 Sliding Glass Door at BOS 03, Dining Room/Kitchen…………………………….…..……5-11 Figure 5-9 Noise Reduction Measured at BOS 03 Dining Room/Kitchen…………………….…..……5-11 Figure 5-10 Second Floor Living Room Bay Window at BOS 08 .......................................................... 5-12 Figure 5-11 Noise Reduction Measured at BOS 08 1st Floor Living Room…………….……………… 5-13 Figure 5-12 Noise Reduction Measured at BOS 08 2nd Floor Living Room, Windows 19, 20 and 21……………………………………...…………………………. .... 5-14 Figure 5-13 Noise Reduction Measured at BOS 14 Mechanical Room………………………………. .. 5-15 Figure 5-14 Exterior (a) and Interior (b) Views of the Mechanical Room Façade at BOS 14………..... 5-15 Figure 5-15 Noise Reduction Measured at BOS 14 Living Room, Windows 2, 3 and 4……..…….. ..... 5-15 Figure 5-16 Bedroom Façade at BOS 15…………….………………………………………………..... 5-16 Figure 5-17 Noise Reduction Measured at BOS 15 1st Floor Bedroom………………………………. .. 5-17 Figure 5-18 Second Bedroom Façade at BOS 15…………………………………………………….. ... 5-17 Figure 5-19 Noise Reduction Measured at BOS 15 2nd Floor Bedroom .................................................. 5-18 LIST OF TABLES Table 2-1 Chronology of US Airport Sound Insulation Programs…………………………….……... 2-21 Table 4-1 List of Tier 1 Airports Identified for Measurements .............................................................. 4-2 Table 5-1 Acoustic Test Data for Residences in Boston……………………………………...…….. .... 5-3 Table 5-2 Noise Test Results for Inglewood Program…………………………………….…..…….. 5-20 iii AKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to express their gratitude to the engineers and technicians at Architectural Testing who assisted in the noise tests and architectural surveys in Boston, MA, and Inglewood, CA, and also to their Wyle colleagues for their hours of dedication to this research. The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in this paper are those of the researchers. They are not necessarily those of the TRB, the National Research Council, or the U.S. Government. iv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This research funded by the Airport Cooperative Research Program of the National Academy of Science is in response to a concern as to whether the acoustic performance achieved in early airport sound insulation programs has met the test of time and still provides the same protection as when it was first introduced. Although no exhaustive studies have been performed, there have been reports that the acoustical performance of treatments applied