HANDBOUNI AT THE BOHN'S CLASSICAL LIBRARY. PAUSANIAS' DESCRIPTION OF GREECE. PAUSAMAS' DESCRIPTION OF GREECE. TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH WITH NOTES AND INDEX BY ARTHUR RICHARD SHILLETO, M.A., Sometime Scholar of Trinity College, Cambridge. VOLUME II. u Pausanias est im homme qui ne manque ni de bon sens ni de ses dieux.''" bonne foi, mais qui croit ou au moins voudrait croire a —Champagny. LONDON: GEORGE BELL AND SONS, YORK STREET, COYENT GARDEN. 1886. •V •% CHISWICK I— PRESS C. WHITTINGHAM AND CO., TOOKS COURT, CHANCERY LANE. CONTENTS. PAGE 1 Book VII. ACHAIA . VIII. Arcadia 61 IX. Bceotia 151 X. Phocis ......... 219 ERRATA. " " « Volume I. Page 8, line 37, for Atte read Attes." As vii. 17, 2d. (Catullus' Attis.) " " Page 150, Hue 22, for Auxesias" read Auxesia." As ii. 32. " " Page 165, lines 12, 17, 24, for Philhammon read " Philammon." " " " Page 191, line 4, for Tamagra read Tanagra." Page 215, line 35, for "Ye now enter" read "Enter ye now." " v " Page 227, line 5, for the Little Iliad read The Little Iliad.,'" " " " Page 289, line 18, for the Babylonians read Babylon." " " " Volume II. Page 61, last line, for earth read Earth." " Page 95, line 9, for "Camira" read Camirus." " " Page 169, line 1, for and" read for." line 2, for "other kinds of flutes" read "other flutes." " " Page 201, line 9, for Lacenian" read Laconian." " " " Page 264, line 10, for Chilon read Chilo." As iii. 16. " " " Page 268, Note, for I iad read Iliad." PAUSANIAS. BOOK VII.—ACHAIA. CHAPTER I. the country between Elis and Sicyonia which NOWborders on the Corinthian Gulf is called in our day Achaia from its inhabitants, but in ancient times was called .^Egialus and its inhabitants iEgialians, according to the tradition of the Sicyonians from iEgialeus, who was king of what is now Sicyonia, others say from the position of the 1 country which is mostly on the sea-shore. After the death of Hellen his sons chased their brother Xuthus out of Thes- saly, accusing him of having privately helped himself to their father's money. And he fled to Athens, and was thought worthy to marry the daughter of Erechtheus, and he had by her two sons Achseus and Ion. After the death of Erechtheus he was chosen to decide which of his sons should be king, and, because he decided in favour of Cecrops the eldest, the other sons of Erechtheus drove him out of the country : and he went to iEgialus and there lived and died. And of his sons Achseus took an army from iEgialus and Athens and returned to Thessaly, and took possession of the throne of his ancestors, and Ion, while gathering to- gether an army against the iEgialians and their king Selinus, received messengers from Selinus offering him his only child Helice in marriage, and adopting him as his son and heir. And Ion was very well contented with this, and after the death of Selinus reigned over the ^3Egialians, and built Helice which he called after the name of his wife, and 1 iEgialus (aiyiaXoc) is Greek for sea-shore. In this last view com- pare the names Pomerania, Glamorganshire. II. B 2 PAUSANIAS. called the inhabitants of JEgialus Ionians after him. This was not a change of name but an addition, for they were called the Ionian iEgialians. And the old name iEgialus long prevailed as the name of the country. And so Homer in his catalogue of the forces of Agamemnon was pleased to call the country by its old name, " 1 Throughout iEgialus and spacious Helice." And at that period of the reign of Ion when the Eleusi- nians were at war with the Athenians, and the Athenians invited Ion to be Commander in Chief, death seized him in Attica, and he was buried at Potamos, a village in Attica. And his descendants reigned after him till they and their people were dispossessed by the Achaeans, who in their turn were driven out by the Dorians from Lacedaemon and Argos. The mutual feuds between the Ionians and Achaeans I shall relate when I have first given the reason why, before the return of the Dorians, the inhabitants of Lacedaemon and Argos only of all the Peloponnese were called Achaeans. Archander and Architeles, the sons of Achaeus, came to Argos from Phthiotis and became the sons in law of Danaus, Architeles marrying Automate, and Archander Scaea. And that they were sojourners in Argos is shewn very clearly by the name Metanastes {stranger) which Archander gave his son . And it was when the sons of Achaeus got power- ful in Argos and Lacedaemon that the name Achaean got attached to the whole population. Their general name was Achaeans, though the Argives were privately called Danai. And now when they were expelled from Argos and Lace- daemon by the Dorians, they and their king Tisamenus the son of Orestes made the Ionians proposals to become their colonists without war. But the Ionian Court was afraid that, if they and the Achaeans were one people, Tisamenus would be chosen as king over both nations for his bravery and the lustre of his race. So the Ionians did not accept the proposals of the Achaeans but went to blows over it, and Tisamenus fell in the battle, and the Achaeans beat the Ionians, and besieged them in Helice to which they had fled, but afterwards let them go upon conditions. And the Achaeans buried the body of Tisamenus at Helice, but some 1 Iliad, ii. 575. BOOK VII. —ACHAIA. 3 time afterwards the Lacedaemonians, in accordance with an oracle from Delphi, removed the remains to Sparta, and the tomb of Tisamenns is now where the Lacedaemonians have their banquetings, at the place called Phiditia. And when the Ionians migrated to Attica the Athenians and their king, Melanthus the son of Andropompus, welcomed them as settlers, in gratitude to Ion and his services to the Athe- nians as Commander in Chief. But there is a tradition that the Athenians suspected the Dorians, and feared that they would not keep their hands off them, and received the Ionians therefore as settlers rather from their formidable strength than from goodwill to them. CHAPTER II. not many years afterwards Medon and Nileus, the ANDeldest sons of Codrus, quarrelled as to who should be king over the Athenians, and Nileus said he would not sub- mit to the rule of Medon, because Medon was lame in one of his feet. But as they decided to submit the matter to the oracle at Delphi, the Pythian Priestess assigned the king- dom to Medon. So Nileus and the other sons of Codrus were sent on a colony, and took with them whatever Athe- nians wished, and the Ionians formed the largest part of the contingent. This was the third expedition that had started from Greece under different kings and with different peoples. The oldest expedition was that of Iolaus the Theban, the nephew of Hercules, who led the Athenians and people of Thespiae to Sardinia. And, one generation before the Ionians sailed from Athens, the Lacedaemonians and Minyae who had been expelled by the Pelasgi from Lemnos were led by Theras the Theban, the son of Autesion, to the island henceforward called Theras after him, but formerly called Calliste. And now thirdly the sons of Codrus were put at the head of the Ionians, though they had no connection with them by race, being as they were Messenians from Pylos as far as Codrus and Melanthus were concerned, and Athenians only on their mother's side. And the following Greeks took part in this expedition of the Ionians, the Thebans under Philotas, who was a descendant of Peneleus, 4 PAUSANIAS. and the Minyse from Orchomenus, who were kinsmen of the sons of Codrus. All the Phocians also took part in it (ex- cept the people of Delphi), and the Abantes from Eubcea. And to the Phocians the Athenians Philogenes and Damon, the sons of Euctemon, gave ships to sail in, and themselves led them to the colony. And when they had crossed over to Asia Minor, different detachments went to different maritime towns, but Nilens and his contingent to Miletus. The Milesians give the following account of their early his- tory. They say their country was for two generations called Anactoria, during the reigns of Anax the Autochthon and Asterius his son, and that, when Miletus put in there with an expedition of Cretans, then the town and country changed its name to Miletus from him. And Miletus and the force with him came from Crete fleeing from Minos the son of Europa. And the Carians, who had settled earlier in the neighbourhood of Miletus, admitted the Cretans to a joint share with them. But now when the Ionians conquered the old inhabitants of Miletus, they slew all the males ex- cept those that ran away from the captured city, and mar- ried their wives and daughters. And the tomb of Nileus is as you approach Didymi, not far from the gates on the left of the road. And the temple and oracle of Apollo at Didymi are of earlier date than the migration of the Ionians : as also is the worship of the Ephesian Artemis. Not that Pindar in my opinion understood all about the goddess, for he says that the Amazons who fought against Theseus and Athens built the temple to her. Those women from Thermodon did indeed sacrifice to the Ephesian Artemis, as having known her temple of old, when they fled from Hercules and earlier still from Dionysus, and sought refuge there : it was not however built by them, but by Coresus, an Autochthon, and by Ephesus (who was they think the son of the river Cayster, and gave his name to the city of Ephesus).