Table of Contents Foreword................................................................................................................................................. x Preface...................................................................................................................................................xii Acknowledgment................................................................................................................................xvii Chapter 1 Teaching.and.Learning.in.the.Networked.Society................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................................................................1 NETWORKED.SOCIETY.................................................................................................................................................3 INFORMATION.AND.KNOWLEDGE:.TEACHING,.LEARNING,.AND.DEVELOPMENT.......................................9 THE.“HOMO.ZAPPIENS”.GENERATION....................................................................................................................15 Chapter 2 Network.Learning.Culture.and.the.Emerging.Paradigm....................................................................... 28 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................................28 EMERGING.PARADIGM:.REFLECTIONS.ABOUT.REALITY..................................................................................29 SYSTEMIC.THINKING.AND.COMPLEXITY:.THE.EMERGING.PARADIGM........................................................31 EPISTEMOLOGICAL.CONCEPTIONS.........................................................................................................................35 THE.CULTURE.OF.NETWORK.LEARNING...............................................................................................................42 CONCLUSION.................................................................................................................................................................44 Chapter 3 The.Metaverse:.3D.Digital.Virtual.Worlds............................................................................................ 48 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................................48 METAVERSE.TECHNOLOGY.AND.THE.NATURE.OF.3D.DIGITAL.VIRTUAL.WORLDS..................................49 SECOND.LIFE.METAVERSE.........................................................................................................................................63 OPEN.SOURCE.METAVERSES.....................................................................................................................................70 METAVERSES.ON.MOBILE.DEVICES:.POTENTIALS.FOR.MOBILE.LEARNING...............................................72 CONCLUSION.................................................................................................................................................................74 Chapter 4 Avatar:.Building.a.“Digital.Virtual.Self”............................................................................................... 82 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................................82 AVATAR:.A.TECHNOLOGICIZED.BODY...................................................................................................................86 THE.CONSTRUCTION.OF.A.DIGITAL.VIRTUAL.IDENTITY..................................................................................92 AVATAR:.THE.REPRESENTATION/ACTION.OF.THE.“DIGITAL.VIRTUAL.SELF”.THROUGH.THE. TECHNOLOGICIZED.BODY.....................................................................................................................................94 CONCLUSION.................................................................................................................................................................97 Chapter 5 Immersion,.Telepresence,.and.Digital.Virtual.Presence.in.Metaverses............................................... 102 INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................................................102 PRESENCE.AND.PROXIMITY....................................................................................................................................103 RELATIONAL.PRESENCE.AND.SOCIAL.PRESENCE............................................................................................105 TELEPRESENCE.AND.DIGITAL.VIRTUAL.PRESENCE.........................................................................................107 IMMERSION.AND.TELE-IMMERSION.....................................................................................................................114 CONCLUSION...............................................................................................................................................................122 Chapter 6 Interaction.and.Interactivity.in.Metaverse........................................................................................... 127 INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................................................127 CONCEPTUALIZING.INTERACTION.AND.INTERACTIVITY..............................................................................128 MUTUAL.INTERACTION.AND.REACTIVE.INTERACTION..................................................................................133 TYPES.OF.INTERACTION..........................................................................................................................................135 LANGUAGES.AND.INTERACTION/INTERACTIVITY.FORMS.IN.METAVERSE...............................................136 CONCLUSION...............................................................................................................................................................140 Chapter 7 Autopoietic.Machines.and.Alopoietic.Machines:.The.Structural.Coupling........................................ 145 INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................................................145 AUTOPOIETIC.MACHINES:.HUMAN.BEINGS........................................................................................................147 ALOPOIETIC.MACHINES:.THE.NATURE.OF.THE.METAVERSE.........................................................................150 STRUCTURAL.COUPLING.........................................................................................................................................151 LANGUAGE:.MODE.OF.SPEECH.AND.EMOTION..................................................................................................156 CONCLUSION...............................................................................................................................................................159 Chapter 8 Cognition.and.Socio-Cognition.in.Metaverse...................................................................................... 164 INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................................................164 HUMAN.CONGNITION...............................................................................................................................................165 PERCEPTION.AND.REPRESENTATION...................................................................................................................169 DOING,.UNDERSTANDING,.AND.AWARENESS.IN.METAVERSE.......................................................................172 COLLABORATION.AND.COOPERATION................................................................................................................175 CONCLUSION...............................................................................................................................................................178 Chapter 9 Online.Education.in.Metaverse:.Novelty.or.Innovation?..................................................................... 183 INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................................................183 LEARNING.CONTEXTS.IN.METAVERSE.................................................................................................................187 METHODOLOGIES.IN.METAVERSE.........................................................................................................................190 PEDAGOGICAL.INTERVENTION.IN.METAVERSE................................................................................................201 NOVELTY.OR.INNOVATION?....................................................................................................................................202 CONCLUSION...............................................................................................................................................................210 Chapter 10 Digital.Virtual.Communities.in.Metaverse.........................................................................................