INTERNET Public Disclosure Authorized TOOLKIT FOR TASK MANAGERS Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized World Bank Africa Regional Office Informatics and Telecommunications Industry and Energy Department Finance and Private Sector Development Public Disclosure Authorized January 1996 LECOt PY INTERNET TOOLKIT FOR TASK MANAGERS World Bank Africa Regional Office Informnaticsand Telecommunications Industry and Energy Department Finance and Private Sector Development March 1996 Contents Page No. FOREWORD............................................... iv ACKNOWLDGMENTS. ............................................... v 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................... I The primacy of the end user............................................... I Potential benefits from the use of networkingtechnologies ............... 2 Networking realities............................................... 2 Planning for success............................................... 3 Measuring and assessing results............................................... 3 Reviewing expenses and expected gains............................................ 3 Implementing and using the network............................................... 4 Perspective: practical, useful approaches.......................................... 4 2. OVERVIEW: WHAT MAKES INTERNETA SIGNIFICANT T=ECHNOLOGY?............................................... 5 Scope of the Internet............................................... 5 Global reach............................................... 6 Brief history of the Internet............................................... 6 Geographicalcoverage ............................................... 7 Basic necessities for Internet connectivity......................................... 8 Modem ................................................. 9 Telephone connection................................................ 9 Communicationssoftware ................................................ 9 Internet user account................................................ 10 Tools used on the Internet................ 11 Electronic mail ........................................... 11 Mailing lists, listservs, and bulletin boards........................... 11 Usenet newsgroups........................................... 12 Telnet ........................................... 12 FTP (file transfer protocol)........................................... 13 Gopher........................................... 13 The World Wide Web........................................... 14 Lynx: An inexpensive,text-only web browser...................... 15 Internet tools for real-time (live) communication:talk and IRC 16 Telephony and video conferencing........................................ 16 Summary of internet tools: benefits and requirements................... 17 i 3. KEY TERMS AND NETWORKINGEXAMPLES .................. 19 Bandwidth ............................................... 19 Networking hardware ............................................... 20 Server ............................................... 20 Modem ............................................... 20 Router ................ 21 Connectivity options............................................... 21 Fidonet: A good way to start - not the long term answer................... 22 UUCP: closer to TCP/IP - A good intennediate approach................. 23 TCP/IP: The international standard - but can be expensive............... 24 Two Examples............................................... 24 The University of Eduardo Mondlane Project.................................... 24 Scientific network project in Indonesia ............................................. 25 4. PREDICTORSFOR SUCCESS IN NETWORKINGPROJECTS.. 30 Success predictor: assured communityof users.................................... 30 Questions to consider............................................... 34 Success predictor: management support............................................... 34 Energetic support: not common .................... 34 Active support............................................... 35 Passive support............................................... 35 Negative support............................................... 35 Questions to consider ............................................... 35 Success predictor: attitude of government agencies............................ 36 Questions to consider ............................................... 37 Success predictor: early planning for Internet applications................. 37 Success predictor: the attitude of the PTT........................................... 38 Questions to consider ............................................... 39 5. MEASURING AND MONITORINGPROGRESS ....................... 40 Indicators needed to describe the shared vision................................... 40 Monitorable indicator: number of end users....................................... 40 Monitorable indicator: incoming and outgoing message volumes..... 41 Monitorable indicator: incoming and outgoing traffic....................... 42 Monitorable indicator: number of sites connected............................. 46 Monitorable indicator: Interne. services utilized............................... 46 Monitorable indicator: subjective satisfactionby end users.............. 46 Monitorable indicator: system availability ("up time")..................... 47 Summary............................................... 47 6. ASSESSING COSTS AND BENEFITS......................................... 49 Paying for connectivity - four cost scenarios....................................... 49 Level l: Under US$100,000 ............................................... 49 Level 2: US $100,000 - US $SOO,000....................................... 50 Level 3: US S500,000 - US S1,000,000 .................................... 51 Level4: USS,000,000Oandover ............................................. 53 .i. Equipment expense................................................ 54 Line costs ................................................ 57 The importance of increasingmessage traffic..................................... 58 Software costs - very low ................................................ 60 Variable construction and rehab costs................................................ 60 Salaries................................................. 60 Internet service provider costs................................................ 61 Benefits from lnternet connectivity................................................ 61 Specific benefits statements................................................ 62 7. IMPLEMENTATIONCONSIDERATIONS ................................ 66 Consultants................................................ 66 Avoiding equipment compromises................................................ 67 Quality of phone lines................................................ 67 Training opportunitiesfor key people................................................ 68 Packet radio/low earth orbiting (LEO) satellites............................... 68 Backup power................................................. 69 Technophobia................................................ 69 8. USING INTERNET SERVICEPROVIDERS ............................ 71 The PTT and Internet service providers............................................. 72 Finding information about providers................................................ 72 Using the WWW to locate providers................................................. 73 Getting ISP price data from the web................................................ 75 Detailed lists of ISPs................................................ 77 Problem areas with ISPs................................................ 77 9. SUMMARY AND SYNTHESIS................................................ 78 The best connectivity strategy: one step at a time........................... 78 Success must be planned for - and measured................................... 79 Low unit cost access can be very useful - for a while...................... 79 Emphasis on the user environment................................................ 80 BIBLIOGRAPHY................................................ 81 APPENDIX A: GLOSSARY................................................. 83 APPENDIX B: INTERNET CONNECTIVITYTABLE ............... 96 APPENDIX C: SAMPLEINTERNET HOME PAGES FOR ANGOLA,BANGLADESH, CHILE, MONGOLIA, SRI LANKA, URUGUAY,AND ZAMBIA........................ 102 APPENDIX D: SAMPLE TERMS OF REFERENCEFOR INTERNET PROJECT................................................ 135 iii Foreword An increasingnumber of World Bank projects involve facilitating national and international connectivity among and between R&D institutions, Standards and Scientific Organizations,Government agencies and others. This is intended to help develop a more competitive and demand-driven industrial technology culture in the World Bank's client countries by helping key institutions utilize new and existing technologies with much higher levels of efficiency than in the past and achieve quality standardsconsistent with overseas requirements. Linking these institutions into the multitude of scientific, research and trade data will in turn enable them to deliver quality informationto clients. It is also intended to help countries assure that information access and use extends beyond the main cities and elites to benefit other areas and groups; for example, through improvements in health and education services and