The ESL Miscellany Indian basket A Treasury of Cultural and Linguistic Information Sixth Edition 20 Sample Pages -S SUFFIX PHONOLOGY • LINGUISTIC ASPECT 7. Pronunciation of -s Suffix Voiceless /S/ Voiced /Z/ Voiced /IZ/ Nouns banks brothers bridges books cars buses cents days classes clocks dollars colleges exits doors garages minutes friends glasses mistakes girls houses months homes inches nights hotels languages parents lessons lunches pints mornings offices quarts planes ounces seats problems packages shops roads pages stamps rooms pieces streets schools places tickets taxis prices weeks words sentences Verbs asks buys catches drinks gives changes gets goes closes helps knows finishes likes leaves fixes makes listens freezes puts lives guesses sits needs kisses sleeps opens loses speaks pulls notices stops reads practices takes returns pronounces talks says pushes thanks sees reaches thinks spells realizes waits studies uses walks turns watches wants understands wishes From The ESL Miscellany, 6th Edition © 2019 19 Pro Lingua Associates.com. A photocopyable teacher resource. 8 LINGUISTIC ASPECT • PHONOLOGY From The ESL Miscellany, 6thEdition Miscellany, The ESL A photocopyable Basic Intonation Patterns 1. I bought a new com pu ter. Statement (final word is multisyllabic) > 9: BasicIntonationPatterns teacher resource. > 2. Did you get it at Office Shop? Yes/No question 3. I bought it at Brown’s. Statement (final word is one syllable) > 4. When did you buy it? WH question ©2019 > 5. You like to shop there, don’t you? Tag question expecting agreement > > 21 6. So, you got another HT, didn’t you? Tag question for information or clarification 9 > 7. Don’t you like the new Bells? Negative question expressing surprise BASIC INTONATIONPATTERNS Pro Lingua Associates.com. Pro Lingua 8. I looked at a Bell, an H T, and a Trac. Series > 9. So, did you get an H T or a Trac? Alternative > 10. I bought a used HT. Focused information > 11. If I have enough money, I’ll get a print er. Continuation of a phrase or clause. > (Here, in the ‘result’ clause.) COLLOCATIONS GRAMMAR • LINGUISTIC ASPECT 8: A Collection of Common Collocations Food Pairs with AND bacon and eggs half and half soup and sandwich bacon, lettuce, meat and potatoes spaghetti and and tomato milk and honey meatballs bread and butter pork and beans sugar and spice fish and chips salt and pepper surf and turf Noun Pairs with AND aches and pains dos and don’ts peace and prosperity brothers and sisters fame and fortune odds and ends cats and dogs husband and wife sticks and stones cops and robbers ladies and gentlemen supply and demand cowboys and Indians life and death thunder and lightning Other Pairs with AND back and forth high and mighty rough and tumble betwixt and between hit and run safe and sound down and out hot and bothered sick and tired each and every lost and found spick and span far and away more and more stop and go fast and furious nice and easy straight and narrow few and far between now and forever thick and thin first and foremost off and on time and again forever and ever out and out tried and true forgive and forget over and done with up and coming front and center over and over up and down fun and games pure and simple war and peace hard and fast rise and shine wear and tear Pairs with OR dead or alive hit or miss rain or shine do or die life or death ready or not double or nothing more or less right or wrong feast or famine no ifs, ands, or buts sink or swim friend or foe on or about trick or treat give or take plus or minus win or lose Adjective + Noun confirmed bachelor moldy bread rotten apple happy ending rancid butter sonic boom inveterate smoker From The ESL Miscellany, 6th Edition © 2019 Pro Lingua Associates.com. A photocopyable teacher resource. 36 19 LINGUISTIC ASPECT • GRAMMAR GRAMMAR SEQUENCE 4: A Grammar Sequence This grammar sequence is only a handy guide to what can and should be covered in a basic English course. The list represents a series of steps from very basic phrase structures and transformations to increasingly complex or unusual structures. Some of the steps are large, and some small, and some will be easier than others. It is by no means a complete outline of the grammar of English. However, mastery of this list, along with commensurate progress in pronunciation, vocabulary development, and communicative skills would enable a student to function reasonably independently in an English-speaking world. 1. Affirmative Statement Word Order I am reading this sentence now. Subject noun phrase + verb phrase + object noun phrase + adverbial Subject Pronouns I, you, he, she , we, they Present forms of BE am, are , is Subject - verb agreement with BE I am, etc. Present progressive aspect am reading BE + V -ing Determiner + Object noun this sentence 2. Negative Statement Word Order I am not reading a French sentence. Placement of not after 1st auxiliary Determiner + adjective + noun a French sentence 3. Yes/No Question Are you learning English? Inversion of subject and 1st auxiliary Short answer Yes, I am. 4. Simple Present Tense Aspect with Stative Verbs Affirmative statement I need English. 3rd person singular –S She needs English. Negative statement I do not know that word. Do insertion; placement of not after do 3rd person singular with do She does not know that word. Yes/No question with do Do you like English? Do insertion and inversion of subject and do Short answer Yes, I do. /Yes, she does. No, I do not. /No he does not. Common Stative Verbs cost, feel, have, hear, know, like, need, want, understand From The ESL Miscellany, 6th Edition © 2019 Pro Lingua Associates.com. A photocopyable teacher resource. 51 SITUATIONAL CONTEXT TOPICS • COMMUNICATIVE ASPECT 7: Education Expectations, routines At school, on campus campus post office classroom registration book store schedules dean’s office student center being on time adviser’s office cafeteria, dining hall assignments, homework scheduling fraternity, sorority researching, writing papers course change chapel, chaplain’s office library teacher’s office hours student health service tests, quizzes getting help foreign student adviser final exams planning a research paper computer center standardized tests housing office library grades, records bursar’s office other campus services tuition, room and board dormitory life gymnasium scholarships rooms, roommates team, coach neatness dorm rules team spirit honesty/cheating laundry locker room off-campus housing drugs and sports See topics 53, 57, 58; Culture topic 37 8: Shopping and Services planning unit pricing tax preparation service making a shopping list asking for prices insurance agent using the yellow pages fixed prices/bargaining pastor/priest newspaper/magazine ads, ordering from catalogues real estate agent junk mail ordering on the internet getting help/public services sales, come-on’s paying for purchases police department coupons, bargains cash court internet shopping charge public defender/legal aid finding products in big stores credit cards emergency services kinds of stores time payments ambulance service department store layaway plans hospital/emergency room supermarket lease-purchase fire department mall rental town offices/city hall specialty shops getting change local town officials main street tipping extension agent boutiques returning merchandise post office copy center choosing and getting services state and congressional getting advice about products mechanic representatives from consumer services barber/hairdresser school board in specialty shops plumber IRS - internal revenue service bakery electrician INS - immigration and optician carpenter naturalization service book store car mechanic public library camera store doctor childcare, eldercare on the internet dentist adult center lawyer teen center *See topics 33, 34 accountant YMCA From The ESL Miscellany, 6th Edition © 2019 Pro Lingua Associates.com. A photocopyable teacher resource. 90 TOPICS • COMMUNICATIVE ASPECT Lawn & Garden 5: Lawn and Garden also see #16 Plants & Trees Materials dirt mud potting soil seed starter mix earth mulch fertilizer seedling insecticide compost seed soil manure weed killer Tools and Equipment aerator grafting tape plant stand shovel bulb planter greenhouse plant stakes spade bushel basket hedge clipper/trimmer plant support ring/ sprayer clipper hoe cage spreader compost bin hose posthole digger sprinkler compost heap lawn mower pot, flower pot snow shovel cultivator lawn roller pruner snow blower edger leaf blower pruning knife tiller garden cart lopper pruning saw tractor gardening glove netting rake trimmer gardening shears pest control rider mower trowel gardening scissors pitchfork rototiller/roto tiller weeder grafting knife planter seed tray wheelbarrow Procedures broadcasting seed harvesting planting splitting clearing heading off potting shoveling clipping grafting pruning tilling composting mowing raking transplanting culling mulching replanting trimming cultivating picking seeding watering fertilizing pinching back/off soil testing weeding Miscellaneous annual fallow gate root bouquet fence organic gardening stem branch flower bed overfeeding trunk brush garden – types over watering perennial bulb flower plant – parts raised bed bush formal branch row crop herb bud scarecrow drought vegetable leaf tree Common Flowers bulb – types iris columbine pansy bluebell oriental lily geranium peony crocus snowdrops hibiscus petunia day lily aster impatiens phlox daffodil buttercup marigold poppy tulip chrysanthemum morning glory