WORLD OCEANS ABCDEHFGJILKM t 1 i a r Arctic Circle t S g The Pacific Ocean in r e RUSSIAN Anadyr Gulf of BNorton Sound The Pacific is the world’s largest and deepest ocean. It is Anadyr Saint Lawrence FEDERATION Island nearly twice the area of the Atlantic and contains almost Magadan a A Bering t k l a e u Bristol three times as much water. The ocean is dotted h t c i a Sea Bay Sea of s n m wer Rid B Unimak Island with islands and surrounded by some of the a Bo g a e s i n Okhotsk Petropavlovsk- d s K Attu Island s l a n ur Kamchatskiy A l e u t i a n I world’s most populous states; over half the A Am n Sakhalin s i a d h e u t n c A l world’s population lives on its shores. The Pacific a n E I in l 3 as I s e B r m is bordered by active plate margins known as the “Ring of Fire,” rile e Ku i l T E u r p m S K e p e e causing earthquakes and tsunamis, and creating volcanic l r Vladivostok c o g h i i r r o u Harris Seamount r f T T r Japan i o r islands and subterranean mountain chains. The largest Sea of Hokkaidó u c ou o k Basin K r g o NORTH h a h h i n Japan c C A Dalian KOREA n P e S underwater mountains break the surface as island Wônsan (East Sea) r t r ú T e s n e iv n e R h a e i s SOUTH a arcs. The fisheries of the Pacific are some of the ow a Yam ato s p s i 4 ell e KOREA n Ja w a Y Qingdao S Ridge o Tókyó R m ow Busan H h B M Yell t y u Lianyungang JAPAN i o s most productive in the world and provide a vital a Mokpo r Ósaka Nagoya k ic I u i n o s a i Shikoku z t Kammu n N n Shanghai u resource for many of the Pacific islands. Since h a Seamount s Kyúshú S e s h z C S t e t a d T g h S a n n s Midway a e r m the Second World War there has been a shift Y h a ) i t s l k e n o t S s n h ou Islands H I c o u a n m u p n ea Kure Atoll (to US) a n u e k S w CHINA y Ja r c Makarov Seamount r t t o k T e u e a s in trading patterns, with a considerable i u o g h k i a a Fuzhou r y t u d Lisianski ‘ S ( i B i t R y R m Salmon Bank a S k Dai ó e p 5 Jilong u t a a Island (t n n y g M Laysan o a R Daitó-jima s B U i growth in trade between the US and the Tropic of Cancer w d H a S Hong i n o w Island ) a i a i Kong T Oki n ‘ Guangzhou TAIWAN -Da R i i a Necker itó n Marcus Island n countries of the Pacific Rim. VIETNAM Gaoxiong Rid Island ge u T R r (to Japan) Hai Phong a i l e d Philippine Sea n g a e Gulf of Hainan Dao c LAOS d Luzon Strait P l n h Wake Island M ie i - i Tongking f Mariana M d - Hess s P P e le s u (to US) k c West a Tablemount c h Ce h o à n a Nâng a Luzon tr s Islands c n a a The Ring of Fire M k i l B Northern Mariana i Johnston Atoll g Benham Seamount l as u Mariana Ban i i B Islands (to US) f (to US) Paracel n y 6 THAILAND a p Tr i A o K PACIc Islands n p u Basin The active plate margins I h i g M n s Manila i h a East M o t a i D (disputed) C e u n Bangkok n n Guam n a O t h s i a h Mariana r s C B e n i c Bikini Vityaz Seamount M o u a (to US) r n h h surrounding the Pacific have A B r C S Reed i a e a i Hô Chi Challenger Deep M r Basin Atoll s Kâmpóng Spratly Bank T l tm Minh PHILIPPINES p Enewetak l Saôm T 11034m M a created numerous land and island Islands S s p h r g Sulu Ya p h R Gulf of e e c i South(disputed) u i C MARSHALL Central i o n a r Basin n a d l c T Sulu Mindanao e roline Ridge ISLANDS g Thailand r m volcanoes along its border. The c Kingman Reef Andaman China an i T r Magellan Rise e h p w Sea Davao a Caroline Islands o (to US) a h o l Y Sea a e u Pacific actual basin of the Pacific is made up Sea P Kota Kinabalu s n Palmyra Atoll P PALAU i n Kuantan MICRONESIA t 7 BRUNEI R (to US) e s a M Celebes Sea k Klang e i of a number of separate tectonic Bintulu e Melanesian t S Basin i Celebes p s S MALAYSIA i T a a r l u u r Basin c Kuching t u i n Baker & Howland plates which move away from each m S c Basin g h Equator u a a g u SINGAPORE r l Islands (to US) E a r o a a o Bism a r T s arc u a other, colliding with other plates. t Borneo s M N rc k o v Jarvis Island r a Celebes ew A hipe J O n NAURU Banaba N k era G la a (to US) C m Trou u g n Enderbury a a gh in o v Kanton ea t T Bismarck a o Island When they collide, the oceanic plates, M re N nc R n INDONESIA e h Sea i g e KIRIBATI P s South w e I Weber G Phoenix Islands o being thinner, are forced beneath the Java S Makassar Makassar Banda u PAPUA NEW GUINEA 8 ea Basin i So Jakarta Surabaya Basin Sea ne w Britain T lom SOLOMON J a Flores Sea a LaeNe re Is on s V thicker continental plates, forming N v a Bali Ara n lan ISLANDS it fu Port Solomon Sea ch ds y TUVALU Tokelau Timor ra az OCEern r Moresby S (to NZ) th s Sumbawa Flores o Arafura Se Lo ou Santa Cruz Tr idg e or k Island deep ocean trenches and high ridges. Tim gh a uisiade th en bie R N oo ou Shelf Papua Ar o n So Islands i ch Rob C r ch lag o lo N American Manihiki D T ea ipe gt mon H Plateau T o Wal lis & These collision zones are known as EAST TIMOR S C in h re e Pandora Hazel Holme Samoa Plateau o l g nch r r ra k b l c u t Futuna SAMOA o Se o ro r h Bank (to US) G P i Bank m Gulf of a T i B d N (to France) Cook Islands subduction zones and are characterized T r e a Horizon a e I e Queensland s s (to NZ) Carpentaria Coral w Zephyr a in T Bank Samoa Plateau r North t e Reef 9 by intense seismic and volcanic activity. B Coral Sea n Fiji FIJI Basin c Tave uni TONGA S A a h Basin o Islands n ut r Sea i C he s o r r (to Australia) Viti Levu o n i VANUATU a k a Niue I ᭣ e Îles h sl Mayon Volcano in the r B g an h c (to NZ) ds c n R Chesterfield u n N n o e e a e Philippines is one of many e New Caledonia Îles Loyauté r T r T L f T N s (to France) N de o i active volcanoes on the L e br r e o w New H f Horizon Deep o Tropic of Capricorn r South Fiji Pacific “Ring of Fire.” It is d l k C L H h R a Basin c noted for its perfect T O o i Ozbourn A U STRALIA o l d w n h e g Brisbane r Seamount e e e d conical shape; the base of r e S r e Kermadec o e d T L Lord Howe K the cone is 80 miles (130 a n Norfolk Island Islands C m i c o Island i n (to Australia) e u g o a g (to NZ) n H km) in circumference. i (to Australia) u s l W d i r n R a B t e a s D o i s a s E Balls t s v e m s N i n w o r Great i Pyramid i r Northland l a n fo e Sydney l e lk Plateau l ralian P K e A ust B Ri A igh Mu dge Vulkan t r n Gascoyne R Raukumara R ra a Klyuchevskaya Kangaroo y Tablemount i Plain i m s Auckland d s N S Melbourne e North i Sopka a g Mount Katmai o u Island g 11 t h T Ta sman e A u Challenger C Island n s t Bass Strait Furneaux oo a h B r a k r c a s l Plateau u n i n i a Group k e n Wellington S i r Va ler ie Mount Rainier t H T Ta sm ani a r Guyot East Sea NEW a R i s e i C h a m Mount Saint Helens t a t h Hobart Tasman ZEALAND Chatham Islands (to NZ) Mount Fuji Plateau South T Tasman Dunedin o u g h a Island B o u n t y Tr Popocatépetl sm a Basin Mount Pinatubo n Bounty Islands (to NZ) Mauna Loa S Pla Pagan o u tea Campbell Antipodes Islands (to NZ) 12 Volcán El Chichonal t h e a u Auckland s t I T Bollons n d i a n a Islands R i d g e s e Mayon Volcano m g Plateau Tablemount d (to NZ) Nevado del Ruiz a i n R Campbell Island (to NZ) F e ra i Mount Sinewit c r Macquarie Island tu a u (to Australia) re Cotopaxi South Indian q Z c o n a e M Volcán Antofalla Basin 13 Tupungato T H E R N S O U i c Mount Tarawera ᭣ The Hawai‘ian volcanoes lie in the center c t P a c i t a r of a plate, not on a plate margin, and are Antarctic Circle f i c - A n known as intraplate volcanoes.