August, 2017 The Role of Religion and Community in the Midst of Civil War Preface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cknowledgements 7KLVSURMHFWZDV PDGHSRVVLEOHWKURXJKWKHFULWLFDOVXSSRUWRIWKH0-0XUGRFN&KDULWDEOH7UXVWDQG VXSSRUWRI,&5'¶VYDULRXVORFDOSDUWQHUV7KHDXWKRUVDSSUHFLDWHWKHLQYDOXDEOHFRQWULEXWLRQVIURPWKH PDQ\VWDIIPHPEHUVDQGLQWHUQVDW,&5'ZKRVXSSRUWHGWKLVSURMHFWSDUWLFXODUO\-DPHV3DWWRQDQG5HEHFFD &DWDOGL )LQDOO\ VSHFLDOWKDQNV WR WKH PDQ\ LQGLYLGXDOV ZKR GRQDWHGWKHLU WLPH DQG NQRZOHGJH WR WKH UHVHDUFKWHDPLQFOXGLQJ0RKDPPHG$OVDPDZL0RKDPPHG$OVKXZDLWHU$PDW$OVRVZD$PE%DUEDUD %RGLQH(ULFD*DVWRQ'U-RKQ3DFNHU,EUDKLP4DWDELDQG.DWKHULQH=LPPHUPDQ &RYHULPDJHDevout, Yemen, DQGEDFNLPDJHSana’a, Yemen, ZHUHSURGXFHGE\5RG:DGGLQJWRQ && %<6$ $QLGHRORJLFDOPRYHPHQWGHILQHGE\ERWKD6DODIL DFRQVHUYDWLYHIXQGDPHQWDOLVWVWUDLQRI,VODP IUDPHRI UHIHUHQFHDQGDQDFFHSWDQFHRIYLROHQFHDVDOHJLWLPDWHPHDQVWRDFKLHYHVRFLDORUSROLWLFDOJRDOV 3DJH_L Table of Contents 3UHIDFHL ([HFXWLYH6XPPDU\ 5HVHDUFK0HWKRGRORJ\ &KDOOHQJHVLQ'DWD&ROOHFWLRQ %DFNJURXQG 7KH(PHUJHQFHRI-LKDGL6DODILVPLQ<HPHQ $O4DHGDLQWKH$UDELDQ3HQLQVXOD $4$3 7KH,VODPLF6WDWHLQ<HPHQ ,6< .