LEI S/14-PI.05.02.02.01.0001/EIAR-DRe/R:5 Nuclear Engineering Laboratory Revision 5, Issue 1 July 15, 2009 Facility for Short-Lived Very Low Level Waste. EIA Report Page 3 from 308 LIST OF CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 5 INTRODUCTIONS 7 SUMMARY 8 1 GENERAL INFORMATION CONCERNING BUFFER STORAGE FACILITY AND DISPOSAL 14 UNITS 1.1 ORGANIZER OF THE PROPOSED ECONOMIC ACTIVITY 14 1.2 DEVELOPER OF THE EIA REPORT 14 1.3 TITLE AND DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED ECONOMIC ACTIVITY 14 1.4 STAGES OF ACTIVITY AND IMPLEMENTATION PERIOD OF THE PROPOSED ECONOMIC ACTIVITY 15 1.5 SITE STATUS AND AREA PLANNING DOCUMENTATION 16 1.6 CHARACTERISTICS OF RADIOACTIVE WASTES 16 1.6.1 General Information 16 1.6.2 Types and Classes of Wastes 16 1.6.3 Waste Amounts and Volume 18 1.6.4 Waste Composition 20 1.6.5 Radiological Characteristics of the Waste 21 1.6.6 Physical and Chemical Properties of Combustible Waste 28 1.6.7 Physical and Chemical Properties of Non-combustible Waste 33 REFERENCE 37 2 BUFFER STORAGE FACILITY 39 2.1 DEMAND FOR RESOURCES AND MATERIALS 39 2.1.1 Demand for Resources and Materials during Construction Phase of the Buffer Storage Facility 39 2.1.2 Electrical Power 39 2.1.3 Thermal Energy 39 2.1.4 Demand for Water 40 2.2 CONCEPTION OF THE BUFFER STORAGE FACILITY 40 2.2.1 Waste Transportation 42 2.2.2 Acceptance of RWP (Incoming Control) 44 2.2.3 Unloading of RWP 46 2.2.4 Transfer of CRWP / Half-height Container with NCRW to the Measuring Chamber 48 2.2.5 Characterization, Marking and Saving of Descriptions of CRWP / Half-height Container with 48 NCRW 2.2.6 Waste Handling after Measurement 48 2.2.7 Retrieval of an Empty or Partially Filled 20-foot ISO Half-height Container from the Buffer Storage 49 Building 2.2.8 Empty 20-foot ISO Container Handling 49 2.2.9 Interim Waste Storing in the Buffer Storage of the Landfill Facility 50 2.2.10 Unloading of Containers from the Buffer Storage Building and their Transportation to the Disposal 50 Units 2.3 OPERATIONAL WASTE 50 2.3.1 Construction 50 2.3.2 Operation 50 2.3.3 Decommissioning 52 2.4 POTENTIAL IMPACT OF THE BUFFER STORAGE FACILITY ON THE COMPONENTS OF THE 53 ENVIRONMENT AND IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURES 2.4.1 Water 53 2.4.2 Environmental Air (Atmosphere) 58 2.4.3 Soil 64 2.4.4 Underground (Geology) 65 2.4.5 Biodiversity 72 2.4.6 Landscape 77 2.4.7 Social and economic environment 77 2.4.8 Ethnic and cultural conditions, cultural heritage 82 2.4.9 Public health 83 2.5 POTENTIAL IMPACT ON NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES 117 2.5.1 General Information on Neighbouring Countries 117 2.5.2 Potential Impact and Impact Mitigation Measures 120 2.6 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 122 2.6.1 Zero Alternative 122 LEI S/14-PI.05.02.02.01.0001/EIAR-DRe/R:5 Nuclear Engineering Laboratory Revision 5, Issue 1 July 15, 2009 Facility for Short-Lived Very Low Level Waste. EIA Report Page 4 from 308 2.6.2 Location Alternatives 123 2.7 MONITORING 126 2.7.1 Supporting Documents and Investigations 126 2.7.2 Updating of the INPP Monitoring Program due to operation of the Buffer Storage Facility 135 2.8 RISK ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT 137 2.8.1 Identification and assessment of potential emergency situations 137 2.8.2 Assessment of Potential Emergency Situations 145 2.8.3 Methodology for Assessment of Public Exposure Determined by Airborne Radioactive Materials 145 2.8.4 Assessment of Radiological Consequences 148 2.9 CONCLUSIONS 150 REFERENCES 151 3 DISPOSAL UNITS 155 3.1 DEMAND FOR RESOURCES AND MATERIALS 155 3.1.1 Demand for Materials During Construction Phase of the Disposal Units 155 3.1.2 Electric Power 155 3.1.3 Demand for Water 155 3.1.4 Other Materials 156 3.2 CONCEPT OF THE DISPOSAL UNIT 156 3.2.1 General Description 156 3.2.2 Concept of Engineering Barriers of the Disposal Unit 157 3.2.3 Drainage System 160 3.2.4 Storm Water Collection System During Waste Loading 160 3.2.5 Sanitary-Service and Administrative Rooms 161 3.2.6 Description of Technological Processes during Operation of the disposal facility 163 3.3 WASTE FROM CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION 172 3.3.1 Construction 172 3.3.2 Operation 173 3.4 POTENTIAL IMPACT OF THE DISPOSAL UNITS ON THE COMPONENTS OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND 173 IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURES 3.4.1 Water 173 3.4.2 Environmental Air (Atmosphere) 193 3.4.3 Soil 197 3.4.4 Underground (Geology) 198 3.4.5 Biodiversity 205 3.4.6 Landscape 210 3.4.7 Social and economic environment 210 3.4.8 Ethnic and cultural conditions, cultural heritage 216 3.4.9 Public health 217 3.5 POTENTIAL IMPACT TO NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES 259 3.5.1 General Information on Neighbouring Countries 259 3.5.2 Potential Impact and Impact Mitigation Measures 262 3.6 ANALYSIS OF THE ALTERNATIVES 265 3.6.1 Zero Alternative 265 3.6.2 Site Alternatives 266 3.7 MONITORING 269 3.7.1 Supporting Documents and Investigations 269 3.7.2 Updating of the INPP Monitoring Program due to Operation of the Landfill Disposal Facility 279 3.8 RISK ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT 283 3.8.1 Identification and Assessment of Potential Emergency Situations 284 3.8.2 Assessment of Potential Emergency Situations 289 3.9 CONCLUSIONS 296 REFERENCES 298 4 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 303 5 DESCRIPTION OF DIFFICULTIES 304 6 DOCUMENTS OF PUBLIC INFORMATION AND PARTICIPATION IN EIA PROCESS 305 6.1 CONCLUSIONS OF RELEVANT PARTIES 305 6.2 PUBLIC INFORMING DOCUMENTS 307 REFERENCES 308 LEI S/14-PI.05.02.02.01.0001/EIAR-DRe/R:5 Nuclear Engineering Laboratory Revision 5, Issue 1 July 15, 2009 Facility for Short-Lived Very Low Level Waste. EIA Report. Page 5 from 308 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ALARA Аn acronym for radiation protection principle As Low As Reasonably Achievable (the radiation dose should be minimized to the greatest possible extent, except where the additional cost or impracticality of further dose-reduction measures would be unreasonable) Bld. Building Buffer storage Storage facility for measurements, accumulation and safe interim storage of the very low level waste between disposal campaigns in the disposal facility for very low level waste CJSC Closed Joint-Stock Company CRWP Combustible Radioactive Waste Package (multilayered plastic containers with spent ion-exchange resins or plastic bales with pressed combustible waste) DB Data Base DDBandDMS Decommissioning Data Base and Decommissioning Management System EIA Environment Impact Assessment FIHC Fuel Inspection Hot Cell IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency INPP Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant ISAM An acronym for the methodology, recommended by IAEA (Improvement of Safety Assessment Methodologies for Near Surface Disposal Facilities) ISFSF Interim Spent Fuel Storage Facility Landfill Disposal facility for short-lived very low level waste. Specific disposal for short-lived very low level waste, operated according to the VATESI license LEI Lithuanian Energy Institute LRW Liquid Radioactive Waste NCRW Non-Combustible Radioactive Waste NCRWP Non-Combustible Radioactive Waste Package (half height ISO container with NCRW) NEO Nuclear Energy Object NPP Nuclear Power Plant RAW Radioactive Waste R/c Reinforced concrete RWP Radioactive waste package, i. e. RAW, placed into a waste container or treated by some other means in order to perform subsequent management operations (transportation, measurement of activity, storage and disposal) in a proper way SAC Special Areas for Conservation SCI Site of Community Importance SNF Spent Nuclear Fuel SNFS Spent Nuclear Fuel Storage SPA Special Protection Area SPZ Sanitary Protection Zone LEI S/14-PI.05.02.02.01.0001/EIAR-DRe/R:5 Nuclear Engineering Laboratory Revision 5, Issue 1 July 15, 2009 Facility for Short-Lived Very Low Level Waste. EIA Report. Page 6 from 308 SRW Solid Radioactive Waste SWMSF Solid radioactive Waste Management and Storage Facility SWTSF Solid radioactive Waste Treatment and Storage Facility TLD Thermoluminescent dosimeter VATESI State Nuclear Power Safety Inspectorate (Lithuanian acronym) VLLW Very Low Level Radioactive Waste WAandSMS Waste Account and Storage Management System WAC Waste Acceptance Criteria LEI S/14-PI.05.02.02.01.0001/EIAR-DRe/R:5 Nuclear Engineering Laboratory Revision 5, Issue 1 July 15, 2009 Facility for Short-Lived Very Low Level Waste. EIA Report. Page 7 from 308 INTRODUCTION A Landfill facility for short-lived very low-level waste should be constructed at the INPP in the scope of the preparation for decommissioning. The entire Landfill facility shall consist of disposal units of the RAW and a buffer storage facility for the waste awaiting their disposal. Proposed economic activity considered in this document is an installation of the buffer storage facility as well as Landfill disposal units for short-lived very low-level waste generated during operation and decommissioning of Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant. The objective of the buffer storage facility is activity measurement, accumulation and safe interim storage of the waste between disposal campaigns in the Landfill disposal units, which will take place not rare than once in two years. The purpose of disposal units is to dispose very low activity waste according to the safety requirements [ 1], providing the necessary protection level of the environment, both from radiological and non-radiological impact.. The proposed economic activity belongs to the type of activity, for which the environment impact assessment (EIA) is obligatory (see. Appendix 1, par. 9.5 in document [ 2]).