UNIVERSITY OF NOVA GORICA GRADUATE SCHOOL Memonautica Yugoslavia in Digital Memories, Memorials and Storytelling DISSERTATION Martin Pogačar Mentor/s: Prof Dr Tanja Petrović and Dr Andrew Hoskins Nova Gorica, 2011 Contents Preface ................................................................................................................................................... 4 Chapter 1 | Introduction: Cyberplaces of Memory ........................................................................... 7 What This Is All About? .............................................................................................................................................. 7 Technologising Media and Memory .......................................................................................................................... 11 Media and Memory ................................................................................................................................................ 13 Archiving, Techno-topia and Pervasive Scepsis .................................................................................................... 15 A Peek Into the History of Human Communication ............................................................................................... 20 Media Archaeology and Mnemosyne ..................................................................................................................... 24 Grasping Digital Memory: Concepts and Theory ...................................................................................................... 27 Mediated Memories ............................................................................................................................................... 28 Mediation and Mediatisation ................................................................................................................................. 30 Remediation and Media Convergence ................................................................................................................... 31 Digital Storytelling ................................................................................................................................................ 33 Representation and Mediality ................................................................................................................................ 34 Multimodal Mobile Media Objects (4MOs) ........................................................................................................... 36 The Connectivity Turn ........................................................................................................................................... 36 Territoriality and Temporality ............................................................................................................................... 37 Digital Memorials .................................................................................................................................................. 39 Setting Sail ................................................................................................................................................................. 41 Case Studies: An Outline ....................................................................................................................................... 46 Methodology .......................................................................................................................................................... 47 Chapter 2 | Music Blogging: Saving Yugoslav Popular Music ....................................................... 50 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................... 50 Blogging and Memory ............................................................................................................................................... 53 Blog as a Multimodal Mobile Media Object .......................................................................................................... 55 Yugoslavia in Some Blogs‘ Digital Storytelling ..................................................................................................... 57 A Blog as a Virtual Museum .................................................................................................................................. 59 Popular Music: Heritage and Memory ....................................................................................................................... 64 Music in Cyberspace .................................................................................................................................................. 68 Blogging Yugoslav Popular Music ............................................................................................................................ 72 The Sounds of Yugoslavia – Jugozvuk ................................................................................................................... 78 Digital Storytelling in Jugozvuk ............................................................................................................................ 80 Faulty Records ....................................................................................................................................................... 84 Some Other Post-Yugoslav Music Blogs ................................................................................................................ 92 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................................. 95 Chapter 3 | YouTube and Digital Memorials: Broadcast your past ............................................. 101 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................. 101 Co-creating and Sharing Memories in YouTube ..................................................................................................... 102 Digital memorials .................................................................................................................................................... 108 2 Some cases in vernacular digital memorials ............................................................................................................ 118 Tatu - Jugoslavija ................................................................................................................................................ 119 ―Triput sam video Tita‖ ...................................................................................................................................... 128 Jugoslavijo ........................................................................................................................................................... 137 Partisans Forever ................................................................................................................................................ 146 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................................... 160 Chapter 4 | The Past on Facebook: Profiling Yugoslavia .............................................................. 165 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................. 165 Facebook: Digital Sociability and Memory ............................................................................................................. 169 Non-personal and Fake Historical Profiles .............................................................................................................. 171 Memories are Made of ... Popular Culture ............................................................................................................... 175 Profiling Yugoslavia ................................................................................................................................................ 178 SFR Jugoslavija ................................................................................................................................................... 178 Josip Broz Tito ..................................................................................................................................................... 195 Romance Departed .............................................................................................................................................. 202 Nova Jugoslavija ................................................................................................................................................. 207 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................................... 211 Chapter 5 | Conclusion: ... Archiving Nostalgia? ........................................................................... 215 Archiving ... Nostalgia ......................................................................................................................................... 220 Reassembling the Historical ...............................................................................................................................