PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI THE CONTRIBUTION OF SYMBOLS IN REVEALING THE MESSAGES IN THE CALL OF CTHULHU BY H. P. LOVECRAFT AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degee of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By RIAN STEVENT Student Number: 114214058 ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2018 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI THE CONTRIBUTION OF SYMBOLS IN REVEALING THE MESSAGES IN THE CALL OF CTHULHU BY H. P. LOVECRAFT AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degee of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By RIAN STEVENT Student Number: 114214058 ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2018 ii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI “Happiness is a delusion of the weak” (WH40K - Imperial Proverb) They shall be my finest warriors, these men who give of themselves to me. Like clay I shall mould them, and in the furnace of war forge them. They will be of iron will and steely muscle. In great armour shall I clad them and with the mightiest guns will they be armed. They will be untouched by plague or disease, no sickness will blight them. They will have tactics, strategies and machines so that no foe can best them in battle. They are my bulwark against the Terror. They are the Defenders of Humanity. They are my Space Marines and they shall know no fear. (WH40K - The Emperor of Mankind) “Knowledge is power, guard it well“ (WH40K - Blood Ravens Chapter) vii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank God for his blessing during the making of this thesis. I also would like to express my gratitude towards the following persons who are directly involved in the process of the thesis writing. I’m so grateful to my advisor, Drs. Hirmawan Wijanarka, M. Hum, who has given his time and for his patience in helping my thesis writing. I’m also grateful to my co advisor, Adventina Putranti, S. S, M. Hum, for her help finishing my thesis. I really thankful for my beloved parents who encouraging me in finishing my thesis. I also thank my friends that support me during the making of this thesis. There are many things that I unable to the express one by one. Rian Stevent viii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE.........................................................................................................ii APPROVAL PAGE .............................................................................................iii ACCEPTANCE PAGE ........................................................................................iv LEMBAR PERNYATAANPERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH....v STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY ...................................................................vi MOTTO PAGE ...................................................................................................vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..............................................................................viii TABLE OF CONTENTS .....................................................................................ix ABSTRACT ...........................................................................................................x ABSTRAK ..............................................................................................................xi CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION.........................................................................1 A. Background of the Study.............................................................................4 B. Problem Formulation...................................................................................4 C. Objectives of the Study................................................................................5 D. Definition of Terms......................................................................................5 CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE.....................................................6 A. Review of Related Studies...........................................................................6 B. Review of Related Theories.........................................................................9 1. Theory of Symbolism...........................................................................9 a. Notion of Symbolism.....................................................................9 b. Theory of Symbol........................................................................10 2. Theory of Message..............................................................................11 C. Theoretical Framework..............................................................................12 CHAPTER III: METHODODLOGY................................................................13 A. Object of the Study.....................................................................................13 B. Approach of the Study...............................................................................15 C. Method of the Study...................................................................................15 CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS................................................................................17 A. Symbolism in The Call of Cthulhu............................................................17 1. Bas-relief.............................................................................................17 2. Cthulhu and the Great Old Ones.........................................................19 3. R’lyeh..................................................................................................22 4. Cult of Cthulhu....................................................................................25 B. Messages of the Story................................................................................28 1. Human is Insignificant Creature in the Face of Cosmic Horror..…………….……….................……......................................29 2. There is Something in This World that is Meant to be Left Uncovered...........................................................................................35 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION...........................................................................38 BIBLIOGRAPHY...............................................................................................41 APENDIX............................................................................................................43 ix PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRACT RIAN STEVENT (2018). The Contribution of Symbols in Revealing the Messages in The Call of Cthulhu BY H. P. Lovecraft. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University. This thesis, basically, discuss the symbols presented in The Call of Cthulhu by H.P Lovecraft. It is interesting to see how the symbols help shape the world of the story. The aim of this thesis is to find the contribution of the symbols in order to reveal the messages of the story. In order to help the study, problem formulation is proposed. The first is to find the symbols presented in the story. The second is to find the contribution of the symbols in revealing the messages of the story. The method of the study used in this thesis is library research. The data is collected from the story and other source related to the study. The study utilizes new criticism approach to analyze the symbols presented in the story and the significant of the symbols in order to reveal the messages of the story. Based on the analysis, the conclusions of the study are drawn. There are several symbols presented in the story; bas-relief, Cthulhu and the Great Old Ones, R’lyeh, and cult of Cthulhu. All the symbols presented in the story are connected to one another. Bas-relief represents the idea of chaos, Cthulhu and the Great Old Ones represent the manifestation of chaos, R’lyeh represents the concept of immaterial or something unknown that crossing the boundary of what human mind can understand, and cult of Cthulhu represents the dark nature of human and the human faith in the greater power. There are two messages that exist in the story. The human insignificant in the face of cosmic horror and there is something in this world that is meant to be left hidden from the world. Based on the symbols representation, carries a significant connection in order to reveal the messages of the story. x PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRAK RIAN STEVENT (2018). The Contribution of Symbols in Revealing the Messages in The Call of Cthulhu BY H. P. Lovecraft. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University. Skripsi ini, pada dasarnya, membahas simbol-simbol yang disajikan dalam The Call of Cthulhu oleh H.P Lovecraft. Sangat menarik untuk melihat bagaimana simbol membantu membentuk dunia cerita. Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk menemukan kontribusi simbol-simbol untuk mengungkapkan pesan-pesan di dalam cerita. Untuk membantu penelitian, rumusan masalah diusulkan. Yang pertama adalah menemukan simbol-simbol yang disajikan dalam cerita. Yang kedua adalah kontribusi simbol-simbol dalam cerita untuk membantu memahami pesan-pesan dari cerita. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam skripsi ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan. Data dikumpulkan dari cerita dan sumber