Magill's Guide to Military History Table of Contents Publisher's Note, ix Introduction, xi Contributors, xiii List of Maps, xix A Abbās the Great, 1 Abbāsid Revolution, 2 Abd el-Krim, 3 Abdelkader, 4 Abdullāh et Taāisha, 4 Abenaki Wars, 5 Abercromby, Ralph, 6 Aboukir, 7 Abrams, Creighton Williams, Jr., 8 Abū al-Abbās, 9 Abū Bakr ibn Umar, 9 Abu Klea, 10 Acre, 11 Actium, 12 Adowa, 12 Adrianople, 13 Aegospotami, 14 Æthelbald, 14 Æthelbald's Wars, 15 Aetius, 16 Afghan Expansion, Wars of, 17 Agathocles, 18 Agesilaus II, 19 Agincourt, 20 Agricola, Gnaeus Julius, 21 Aguinaldo, Emilio, 22 Air Force, U.S., 23 Aircraft, military, 25 Aircraft carrier, 29 Akbar, 29 Alamo, 29 Alanbrooke, First Viscount, 31 Alaric, 32 Albanian-Turkish Wars, 33 Albuquerque, Afonso de, 34 Alcibiades, 35 Alesia, Siege of, 35 Alexander of Tunis, 36 Alexander I, 37 Alexander the Great, 38 Alexander's Wars of Conquest, 39 Alexandria, 43 Alexius I Comnenus, 44 Alfonso VIII, 46 Alfred the Great, 47 Algiers, 48 Aliwal, 48 Allen, Ethan, 49 Allenby, Lord, 49 Allied Intervention in Russia, 50 Alma, 51 Almohad conquest and rule of Muslim Spain, 52 Almoravid Empire, 53 Alp Arslan, 54 Alva, duke of, 55 Amazons, 56 Ambuila, 57 American Civil War, 58 American Indian wars, 67 American Northwest Indian wars, 71 American Revolution, 72 Amiens, 78 Amin, Idi, 79 Amoaful, 80 Amr ibn al-Ās, 80 Amritsar Massacre, 81 An Lushan's Rebellion, 82 Anawrahta, 82 Ancient warfare, 83 Angles, Saxons, and Jutes, 86 Anglo-Dutch Wars, 87 Anglo-French Wars, 88 Anglo-Irish War, 89 Anglo-Scottish Wars of 1290-1388, 91 Anglo-Scottish Wars of 1513-1560, 93 Anglo-Spanish War, 94 Angolan Civil War, 96 Angolan War of Independence, 97 Animals in war, 99 Ankara, 102 Antietam, 102 Antioch, 104 Antwerp, Siege of, 105 Anzio, 106 Apache Wars, 107 Appeasement, 108 Arabi Pasha, 109 Arafat, Yasir, 109 Archery, 111 Argentine Dirty War, 111 Armada, Spanish, 112 Armenian Massacres, 114 Armies: Organization and tactics, 116 Armistice, 120 Armor, 120 Arms race, 120 Army, 121 Army, U.S., 121 Arnhem, 123 Arnold, Benedict, 125 Arnold, H. H., 126 Arogee, 126 Arsenal, 127 Arsuf, 127 Art, war in, 128 Artillery, 132 Aryan Conquest of India, 135 Ashurnasirpal II, 136 Assaye, 137 Assyrian Empire, 137 Atatürk, 139 Athenian Empire, 140 Atlanta, 143 Attila, 144 Aurangzeb, 145 Austerlitz, 146 Australian military, 148 Austrian Succession, War,of,the, 149 Austro-Swiss Wars, 150 Austro-Turkish Wars, 151 Avars, 153 Ayacucho, 154 Ayn Jāhlūt, 154 Aztec Empire, 155 B Bābur, 158 Bābur, conquests of, 159 Babylonian Empire, 160 Bacon, Nathaniel, 161 Badajoz, Siege of, 162 Baghdad, 162 Bagration, Operation, 163 Bakufu, 164 Balaklava, 164 Balkan Wars, 165 Ballistic weapons, 167 Baltimore, 169 Ban Chao, 170 Bannockburn, 171 Barons' War, 171 Bart, Jean, 173 Basque War for Independence, 173 Bataan, 174 Battalion, 176 Bay of Pigs Invasion, 176 Bayinnaung, 177 Beachy Head, 177 Beauregard, P. G. T., 178 Beersheba, 179 Begin, Menachem, 179 Belgrade, 180 Belisarius, 181 Ben Bella, Ahmed, 183 Berezina River, 183 Berlin, 184 Berlin Blockade, 185 Berthier, Louis Alexandre, 186 Bin Laden, Osama, 187 Bismarck, Otto von, 188 Black Patch War, 189 Blenheim, 190 Blitzkrieg, 192 Blockade, 192 Blood River, 193 Blücher, Gebhard Leberecht von, 193 Boer Wars, 195 Bogomils' Revolt and Pecheneg-Byzantine War, 197 Bohemian Civil War, 199 Bolívar, Simón, 200 Bolshevik Revolution, 201 Bombing, 203 Borodino, 203 Bosworth, 204 Botha, Louis, 205 Boudicca's Rebellion, 206 Boulogne, Sieges of, 207 Bouvines, 208 Boxer Rebellion, 209 Boyne, 211 Braddock, Edward, 211 Bradley, Omar N., 212 Brandywine, 213 Brant, Joseph, 214 Brazilian Antiregency Uprisings, 215 Brazilian Anti-Republican Uprisings, 216 Breda, Siege of, 218 Breitenfeld, 219 Brian Boru, 219 Britain, 220 British Colonial Wars, 222 British Dynastic Wars, 225 British India, 226 British military, 228 Brunanburgh, 230 Brunswick, Charles William Ferdinand, duke of, 230 Brunswick, Frederick William, duke of, 231 Brusilov, Aleksei, 232 Brusilov Offensive, 232 Budenny, Semyon Mikhaylovich, 233 Buena Vista, 234 Bulgarian-Byzantine Wars, 235 Bulgars, 237 Bulge, 237 Bull Run, First, 239 Bull Run, Second, 239 Buller, Redvers Henry, 241 Bunker Hill, 242 Burgoyne, John, 242 Burgundian-Frankish Wars, 243 Burmese-Chinese Wars, 244 Burmese Civil Wars of 1368-1599, 246 Burmese Civil Wars of 1948-1958, 248 Burmese-Laotian Wars, 250 Burmese-Manipuri Wars, 251 Burnside, Ambrose E., 252 Bushido, 253 Byzantine Civil War of 1321-1357, 253 Byzantine Empire, 254 Byzantine-Muslim Wars, 256 Byzantine-Ottoman Wars, 259 Byzantine-Persian Wars, 261 Byzantine-Seljuk Wars, 262 C Cadet, 266 Caesar, Julius, 266 Calais, Siege of, 267 Çaldiran, 268 Cambodian Civil War, 268 Cambrai, 270 Camden, 271 Camouflage, 273 Campbell, Colin, 273 Camperdown, 273 Canadian military, 274 Cannae, 276 Cannons, 277 Cape-Xhosa Wars, 278 Caporetto, 279 Carleton, Guy, 279 Carlist Wars, 280 Carnatic Wars, 281 Carnot, Lazare, 283 Carolingian Empire, 284 Carrhae, 286 Carson, Kit, 287 Carthaginian-Syracusan War, 287 Carus, 288 Cassius, 289 Castilian Civil War, 290 Castle, 291 Castro, Fidel, 291 Casualty, 292 Cato the Censor, 293 Catraeth, 293 Cavalry, 294 Cawnpore, 295 Celtiberian Wars, 297 Celts, 298 Censorship, 298 Central American Federation Civil Wars, 299 Central Intelligence Agency, 300 Centurion, 300 Cerisolles, 300 Cerro Gordo, 301 Cetshwayo, 302 Chaco War, 303 Chadian Civil War, 304 Chaeronea, 338 b.c.e., 306 Chaeronea, 86 b.c.e., 306 Châlons, 307 Chalukyan Wars, 308 Champa Kingdom, 310 Champlain, Samuel de, 311 Chancellorsville, 311 Chandragupta Maurya, 312 Chapultepec, 313 Chariot, 313 Charlemagne, 314 Charlemagne, Wars of, 315 Charles Martel, 317 Charles the Bold, 318 Charles V (Holy Roman emperor), 319 Charles XII (king of Sweden), 320 Charleston, Siege of, 321 Château-Thierry/Belleau Wood, 322 Chemical and biological warfare, 322 Chiang Kai-shek, 283 Chickamauga, 327 Chilianwala, 327 Chinese Civil War, 328 Chinese Imperial Wars, 330 Chinese military, 333 Chinese Revolution, 334 Chola Kingdom, 336 Churchill, Winston, 337 Cid, El, 339 Cid's conquest of Valencia, 340 Cimon, 341 Cincinnatus, Lucius Quinctus, 341 Civil war, 342 Civilians and war, 342 Clark, George Rogers, 345 Clark, Mark, 346 Clausewitz, Carl von, 346 Clive, Robert, 348 Clontarf, 348 Coast Guard, U.S., 349 Coastal defense, 350 Cochise, 352 Cochrane, Thomas, 353 Cod War, 353 Coehoorn, Baron Menno van, 355 Cohort, 355 Cold Harbor, 355 Cold War, 357 Colenso, 360 Coligny, Gaspard II de, 361 Collateral damage, 362 Collins, Michael, 362 Colombian Civil Wars, 363 Colombian Guerrilla War, 364 Combined operations, 366 Command, 366 Commando, 367 Commissar, 367 Communications, 367 Condé, the Great, 370 Congolese Civil War, 371 Congress of Vienna, 373 Conquistadores, 375 Conscription, 375 Constantine V Copronymus, 376 Constantine the Great, 377 Constantinople, Siege of, 717-718, 378 Constantinople, Siege of, 1453, 379 Containment policy, 381 Convoy, 381 Coral Sea, 381 Corbett, Julian, 383 Corinth, 383 Cornwallis, First Marquess, 385 Corps and corps system, 385 Cortés, Hernán, 385 Corunna, 387 Cossacks, 387 Courtrai, 388 Cowpens, 388 Crazy Horse, 389 Crécy, 390 Cretan Uprisings, 391 Crete, 392 Crimean War, 393 Croesus, 395 Cromwell, Oliver, 396 Cruise missile, 397 Crusades, 397 Cryptography, 401 Cuban Missile Crisis, 405 Cuban Revolution, 407 Cuban War of Independence, 409 Cuba's Ten Years' War, 410 Culloden, 412 Cunaxa, 412 Custer, George A., 413 Cynoscephalae, 414 Cypriot Wars, 415 Cyrus the Great, 416 D Danish-Swedish Wars, 418 Danish Wars with the Hanseatic League, 419 David, 420 Davis, Jefferson, 421 Davout, Louis, 422 Dayan, Moshe, 422 Delhi Sultanate, Wars of the, 423 Demobilization, 426 Denain, 426 Desertion, 427 Dewey, George, 427 Diadochi, Wars of the, 428 Dien Bien Phu, 429 Dieppe, Raid on, 431 Dingiswayo, 431 Diocletian, 432 Dionysian Wars, 432 Dionysius the Elder, 434 Disarmament, 434 Dockyards, 436 Dominican Republic, Civil War of the, 436 Don Juan de Austria, 438 Dönitz, Karl, 439 Doria, Andrea, 440 Dorian Invasion of Greece, 441 Dorylaeum, 443 Douhet, Giulio, 444 Dowding, Hugh, 444 Draft, 445 Dragoon, 445 Drake, Francis, 445 Dreadnought, 446 Dresden, 446 Dreyfus affair, 447 Drill, 448 Dunbar, 448 Dutch Colonial Wars, 449 Dutch Wars of Independence, 451 E Earthworks, 455 Eastern Question, 455 Economic warfare, 455 Edgehill, 458 Edington, 458 Education, military, 459 Edward, the Black Prince, 462 Edward I, 463 Edward III, 464 Egyptian Empire, 464 Egyptian Insurrection, 467 Egypto-Turkish Wars, 468 1812, War of, 469 Eisenhower, Dwight D., 473 El Alamein, 475 Electronic warfare, 476 Engineering, military, 478 English Civil War of 1215-1217, 482 English Civil War of 1642-1651, 483 Enver Pasha, 485 Epaminondas, 486 Ethics of warfare, 486 Ethiopia, 488 Ethiopian Conflicts, 491 Etruscan-Roman Wars, 494 Eugene of Savoy, 496 Explosives, 497 F Fabius Maximus, Quintus, 500 Falkenhayn, Erich von, 501 Falkirk, 501 Falkland Islands, 502 Falkland Islands War, 502 Fallen Timbers, 505 Famagusta, Siege of, 505 Farragut, David Glasgow, 506 Feng Yuxiang, 507 Fenians, 508 Fernández de Córdoba, Gonzalo, 508 Ferozeshah, 509 Feudalism, 510 Films, war in, 510 Finances, military, 515 Finnish War of Independence, 518 Firearms, 519 Fireship, 524 Fisher, John, 524 Flodden, 524 Florentine Wars, 525 Foch, Ferdinand, 526 Fontenay, 527 Fontenoy, 528 Forrest, Nathan Bedford, 528 Fort Donelson, 529 Fort Duquesne, 529 Fort Sumter, 531 Fort Ticonderoga, 1758, 532 Fort Ticonderoga, 1775, 532 Fortification, 534 France, 534 Franco, Francisco, 535 Franco-Austrian War, 536 Franco-Burgundian Wars, 537 Franco-German War, 538 Franco-Spanish War, 539 Frankish Civil Wars, 541 Frankish-Moorish Wars, 543 Franks and Burgundians, 544 Frederick I Barbarossa, 544 Frederick II, 545 Frederick the Great, 546 Frederick William, the Great Elector, 547 Frederick William I (king of Prussia), 548 Fredericksburg, 548 French, John, 549 French and Indian War, 550 French Colonial Wars, 552 French Foreign Legion, 556 French Revolution, 557 French Revolutionary Wars, 559 French Wars of Religion, 562 Friedland, 565 Fronde, Wars of the, 566 Fulk III Nerra, 568 Fuller, J.