Tööstusalade analüüs Aruanne Tellija: Rahandusministeerium Täitja: OÜ Geomedia www.geomedia.ee Tallinn, november 2018 Sisukord Analysis of Industrial Estates. Executive Summary ....................................................................................... 4 Sissejuhatus ................................................................................................................................................... 9 1 Tööstuse arengust Eestis .................................................................................................................... 11 1.1 Tööstuse arengusuundumused Euroopa Liidus ja Eestis ............................................................ 11 1.2 Eesti tööstuse areng võrdluses teiste riikidega .......................................................................... 13 1.3 Töötleva tööstuse muutused Eestis maakondade lõikes ............................................................ 16 1.3.1 Töötleva tööstuse hõive muutused .................................................................................... 16 1.3.2 Töötleva tööstuse geograafiline hajuvus ............................................................................ 17 1.3.3 Töötleva tööstuse hõive ja haridustase .............................................................................. 19 1.3.4 Töötleva tööstuse „kvaliteet“ maakondade lõikes ............................................................. 20 2 Tööstuse arengueeldused maakondades ........................................................................................... 21 2.1 Maakondade töötleva tööstuse arengueelduste võrdlev ülevaade ........................................... 21 2.1.1 Geograafiline asend ............................................................................................................ 21 2.1.2 Taristu ................................................................................................................................. 23 2.1.3 Tööjõud ............................................................................................................................... 25 2.1.4 Industriaalne taust .............................................................................................................. 28 2.2 Maakondade töötleva tööstuse arengueelduste võrdlus üldindeksi alusel ............................... 32 2.2.1 Metoodika ........................................................................................................................... 32 2.2.2 Geograafiline asend ............................................................................................................ 33 2.2.3 Taristu ................................................................................................................................. 34 2.2.4 Tööjõud ............................................................................................................................... 35 2.2.5 Industriaalne taust ja senine atraktiivsus ........................................................................... 36 2.2.6 Maakondade rühmad üldindeksi alusel .............................................................................. 37 3 Maakondade olulisemate tööstusalade arendamine ......................................................................... 40 3.1 Tööstusala mõiste ....................................................................................................................... 40 3.2 Senine riigi poliitika tööstusalade arendamise toetamisel ......................................................... 41 3.3 Tööstusalade arendamine maakondlikes arengudokumentides ................................................ 43 3.4 Tööstusalade tüübid ................................................................................................................... 46 3.5 Tööstusalade arendamisega seonduvad probleemid ja ülesanded ............................................ 47 3.6 Nõudlus tööstusalade maa järele ............................................................................................... 49 2 3.7 Maakondade olulisemate tööstusalade olukorra ülevaade ....................................................... 50 3.7.1 Harjumaa ............................................................................................................................. 50 3.7.2 Hiiumaa ............................................................................................................................... 52 3.7.3 Ida-Virumaa ......................................................................................................................... 54 3.7.4 Jõgevamaa ........................................................................................................................... 60 3.7.5 Järvamaa ............................................................................................................................. 61 3.7.6 Läänemaa ............................................................................................................................ 63 3.7.7 Lääne-Virumaa .................................................................................................................... 64 3.7.8 Põlvamaa ............................................................................................................................. 67 3.7.9 Pärnumaa ............................................................................................................................ 69 3.7.10 Raplamaa............................................................................................................................. 71 3.7.11 Saaremaa ............................................................................................................................ 72 3.7.12 Tartumaa ............................................................................................................................. 74 3.7.13 Valgamaa ............................................................................................................................. 75 3.7.14 Viljandimaa ......................................................................................................................... 76 3.7.15 Võrumaa .............................................................................................................................. 78 3.7.16 Vajadus täiendavate tööstusalade järele maakondades .................................................... 82 4 Järeldused ja soovitused ..................................................................................................................... 84 LISAD ........................................................................................................................................................... 89 3 Analysis of Industrial Estates Executive Summary The development of industrial estates (industrial sites and parks) is a widely used method for encouraging the emergence and expansion of industrial enterprises in the region. In Estonia, private capital industrial estates are developed mainly in the Tallinn and Tartu urban areas. In order to boost industry and entrepreneurship in areas less attractive for private industrial estate developers, the public sector has used various support methods in Estonia. For example, a foundation for development of industrial estates on land parcels transferred from the state has been established with the participation of the state in Ida- Viru County. Also, public infrastructure investment grants for establishment or further development of industrial estates have been available since 2007. The goal of this study was to • analyze the preconditions for further industrial development in all 15 counties of Estonia (excluding the Tallinn and Tartu urban areas); • proceeding from the results of analysis, make proposals for the expansion of the most important existing industrial estates in the counties, for the elimination of the development bottlenecks and assess the needs and opportunities for establishing additional new industrial estates. For the analysis, the stage of development of the Estonian industry and its general problems must be taken into account. Compared to other EU countries, Estonia's industrial employment is still relatively high (19% in the manufacturing industry in 2017). Productivity of the industry is low, mainly because of low complexity of export products and unfavourable position of Estonian industrial enterprises in global value chains. In most of the counties the growth of industry can take place mainly through the increase of labor productivity rather than through expanding the number of jobs because of the aging and decreasing population. Investments in the human resource, R & D and technology, as well as industrial FDI, play an important role in the growth of industry. To analyze the preconditions for industrial development, a descriptive overview of the factors of location of industry (geographic location, technical infrastructure, labor force, industrial heritage) was made. It revealed that • the location in relation to accessibility of the main domestic agricultural raw materials (meat or dairy) is the best in Harju, Viljandi, Lääne-Viru, Jõgeva, Järva and Pärnu counties. The local availability of wood is more evenly distributed, but is the least favorable on the western coast of mainland – in Lääne County and in the island counties of Saare and Hiiu. The locational advantage for both the main domestic and foreign markets is determined primarily by the distance of the county from the capital city