I ., I I PRESENT POLICIES OF THE CHINA INI.AND lUSSION I CO}WARED WITH THE POLICIES OF MISSIONS ESTi-lBLISHED BY JAl'1J~S HUDSON TAYLOll I by I Merilie Robertson B. A., University of California I Santa Barbara College I I I I A Thesis I SUbmitted in Partial Fulfillment of the lequirements for THE DEGREE OF 11ASTER OF RELIGIOUS EDUCATION in I The Biblical Seminary in New York New York, N. Y. I 1955 I BIBLICAL SCIUU1L Of TUEUU.HiY LffJUARY. I HATFIELD"' P.A. ~ M ~ I I I I, I I I I TABLE OF CONTENTS I I I I I I I I I BIIlUl:AL 5CIIOOL Of I Tl!:tULUGY I.IBUAI-lY HATFIELD .. PA.. I ~ I I I TABLE OF CONTENTS ~~~ ~e I INTRODUCTION • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • iii A. The Problem Stated • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • iv B. The Subject Justified • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • v I C. The Subject Delimited • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • v D. The Method of Procedure • • • • • • • • • • • • • • vi I ~ E. The Sources of Data • • • • • • • • • • • • • vi t I. THE POLICIES OF MISSIONS ESTABLISHED BY JAMES HUDSON TAYLOR • • 1 A. Introduction • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 2 1: B. James Hudson Taylor, the Missionary • • • • • • • • • • • 2 :p 1. His Qualifications • • • • • • • • • • • • 2 a. Personal Qualifications • • • • • • • • • • • 3 I~ b. Specific Training • • • • • • • • • • • • 5 2. His Life on the Field • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 9 '""'- The Operational Principles Established by James Hudson Tay- ~ c. lor . • . • . • . • • . • . • . 12 I \5 1. Aim and Scope • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 12 2. Administration • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 13 a. Finan.ce . • . • . • . • . • 13 I b. Plan of Work • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 14 c. Personnel • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 16 D. The Mission Program • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 19 1. Direct Evangelism • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 19 I 2. Medical Work. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 19 3. Educational Work • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 20 4. Use of Literature • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 21 I~ E. The Relationship Between the Mission and the Churches in Chma • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 22 .~ F • S'U.mnlary • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 2 3 II. THE POLICIES FOLLOWED BY THE CHINA INLAND MISSION IN RECENT I 'YlfARS • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . 25 A. Introduction • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . 26 B. The Operational Principles of the Mission . 26 1. Aim and Scope • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 26 I 2. Administration • • • • • • • • • • • • • 28 a. Fina11ee • . • 28 b. Plan of Work • • • • • • • • • • • • 28 I~ c. Personnel • • • • • • • • • • • • 30 - C. The Mission Program • • • • • • • • • 33 1. Direct Evangelism • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 33 ll 2. Medical Work • • • • • • • • • • 35 3~ Educational Work • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 36 4. Production and Use of Literature • • • • • • • • • 31 I -i- I I -ii- I Chapter Page I D. The Relationship Between the Mission and the Churches • • 39 1. Recognition of the Need for an Indigenous Church 39 2. Means of Encouraging the Growth of the Indigenous I~ c:2lurch • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 39 E • Sumnla.ry' • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 45 I III. A COMPARISON OF THE POLICIES OF MISSIONS ESTABLISHED BY JAMES HUDSON TAYLOR AND THOSE OF THE CHINA INLAND MISSION IN RECENT YE:A.RS • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 46 I A. Introduction • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 47 B. Comparison of Operational Principles • • • • • • • • • • 47 1. Aim and Scope • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 47 I 2. Administration • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 48 a. Finance • • • • • • • • • • • • 48 b. Plan of Work • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 49 c. Personnel • • • • • • • • • • • • ->SO I C. Comparison of the Mission Program • • • • • • 51 1. Direct Evangelism • • • • • • • • • • • 51 2. Medical Work • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 52 I 3. Educational Work • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 52 4. Use of Literature • • • • • • • 52 D. Comparison of the Relationships Between the Mission and the I Churches in Hudson Taylor's Time and at Present • • • 53 E. Summ.acy • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 54 I IV. SIDfMARY AND CONCLUSION • . 56 A • Sulnm.ary- • • • • • • • • . 57 I B. Conclusion • • • • • • • • . 57 I BIBLIOGRAPHY . I I I I I I I I I I I I I I INTRODUCTION I I I I I I I I I I I I I I PRESENT POLICIES OF THE CHINA INLAND MISSION I COMPARED \UTH THE POLICIES OF MISSIONS I ESTABLISHED BY JAMES HUDSON TAYIDR I INTRODIDTION I A. The Problem stated I Until the year 1866 all Protestant efforts to evangelize China were ·limited to regions near the coast and in the Yangtze I Valley, leaving almost the entire country h$ving never heard the name of Christ. In that year a new society, the China I.nlanti Mission, I under the leadership of James Hudson Taylor, began a work which was I to change the picture of Christian missions in China. 1 This society entered the land with a definite goal and I with carefully laid plans for achieving that goal. 2 The aim of the society grew out of the experience of its founder, Hudson Taylor, 3 I one of the IOOst outstandjng missionaries in the history of the I Christian church. The work of the China Inland Mission was carried • • • • • • I 1. Cf. Kenneth Scott Latourette: A History of Christian Missions in China, P• 382. 2. Cf. Ibid., p. 382. 3. Cf. Dr. and Mrs. Howard Taylor: Hudson Taylor in Early Years, I p. 292. I I -iv- I I -v- I out as planned and continues to this present t:iJD.e. The Society was I to have eventually' more missionaries than any other missionary group 1 in China, Protestant or Roman Catholic. I .Alloost a century has passed since the founding of the Chin.a I Inland Mission. The world has changed radically in that time. Mis- sions have changed radically in some respects. The China Inland I Mission itself (now having added to its name ttQverseas Missionary Fellowship" ) bas been forced to leave China and has e~tablished work I in other areas. Have there been changes in the basic policies of the I mission or have they remained the same? The aim of this thesis will be to answer this question. I B. The SUbject Justified I Many' lllOVements retaining the names of their founders change over a period of years. It is significant to know whether or not it I is possible in the passing of time for a missionary movement to remain basically the same :in its policies. The China Inland Mission is not 2 I only interdenominational, but international. In addition to this, the I area of service of the mission bas had to be changed completely in the last few years. 3 These factors make the study of policy, in its begin.. I nings and at present, of particular significance. • • • • • • I 1. cr. Latourette, op. cit., p. 382. 2. Cf. M. Geraldine Guinness: The Story of the China Inland Mission, vol. I, p. xi. I 3. Cf. Pushing Back Boundaries, p. 2. I I I I -vi- I C. The Subject Delimited I TO explore all the policies established by Hudson ~lor and those of the China Inland Mission at present in detail is beyond I the scope of this study. The discussion will be lindted, therefore, to those policies which relate universally to a greater or lesser I extent to a.lmost every mission program. I "Present policies" of the China Inland Mission will be de- fined as those policies which are indicated in their publications over I the last ten years. -, I D. The Method of Procedure In qrder to show the extent to which the policies of the I China Inland Mission today are similar or dissimilar to those estab- I lished by Hudson Taylor a comparative study of the two will be made. The first c~pter will present policies of missions as set forth by I Hudson Taylor in his writings and as implied by his life. A presenta­ tion of the policies of the China Inland Mission in its present func­ I tioning will be made in the second chapter. A comparison of the find­ ings of t.he first two c~pters will comprise the third. A final chap- I ter will draw the facts of the study t.ogether in a summary and con- I elusion. I E. The Sources of Dat.a The sources to be used for the chapter concerning James Hud­ I son Taylor will include his own writings, reliable biographical ma- teria.l, and historical data relating to the China Inland Mission. I The sources to be used which concern the China Inland I I I I Mission at present will include the official field manual, yearbooks, I periodicals and pamphlet material of the China Inland Mission, and I books written by members of the Mission which relate to policy. I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 'CHAPTER I THE POLICIES OF MISSIONS ESTABLISHED BY JAMES HUDSON TAYLOR I I I I I I I I I I. I I I I CHAPTER I I THE POLICIES OF MISSIONS ESTABLISHED BY JAr1ES HUDSON TAYLOR I A. Intreduction I It would be impossible to discuss the policies established by the founder c£ the China Inland Mission apart from the founder him­ I self. Therefore the first part of this chapter will be devoted to a I consideration of the character of James Hudson Taylor (called Hudson Taylor) .•· himself. The chapter will then move to a discussion of the I principles of operation which were established at the time of the founding of the China Inland Mission and during Hudson Taylor's time I as its director. The type of lO rk carried out in the program of the Mission will next be presented. Finally, there will be a discussion I of the relationship of the Mission to the churches in China. I B. James Hudson Taylor, the Missionary I 1. His Qualifications Do we not generally find men who have been much used by God to I be those who have passed through not a little spiritual preparation'/ And necessari~ so; for whatever is to be worked out must first have bien wrought in; and those only who have learned can truly I teach. So wrote Geraldine Guinness with specific reference to Hudson Taylor, I . 1. M. Geraldine Guinness: The story of the China Inland Mission, vol. I, I pp. 47-48. I -2- I I -3- I who was to be so uniquely used by God in the work to which he was called.