Low Emission Development Strategies (LEDS) for Panaji City Final Report November 2015 Title Low Emission Development Strategies (LEDS) for Panaji City This document is prepared by: ICLEI - Local Governments for Sustainability- South Asia Secretariat under the “Promoting Low Emission Urban Development Strategies in the Emerging Economy Countries” (Urban-LEDS) project with support from ICLEI - Local Governments for Sustainability – World Secretariat and UN-Habitat and funded by the European Commission. Contributing Team from ICLEI South Asia Nikhil Kolsepatil, Keshav Jha, Soumya Chaturvedula, Tejas Shinde, Ankit Makvana, Prathyusha Sangem Acknowledgements: The project team wishes to thank officials of Corporation of the City of Panaji, government departments and stakeholders from Panaji city for their support and contribution to the data collection and successful compilation of the document. Disclaimer: While every effort has been made to ensure the correctness of data/information used in this report, neither the authors nor ICLEI-SA accept any legal liability for the accuracy or inferences drawn from the material contained therein or for any consequences arising from the use of this material. No part of this report may be disseminated or reproduced in any form (electronic or mechanical) without prior permission from or intimation to ICLEI-SA. Permission and information may be sought at ([email protected]). Text or content from this report can be quoted provided the source is acknowledged. Contact: ICLEI South Asia NSIC Bhawan, Okhla Industrial Estate, New Delhi - 110020, India [email protected] http://southasia.iclei.org/ Copyright © ICLEI South Asia (2015) 2 Table of Contents 1. Introduction ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 2. Past and Ongoing Initiatives to Address Climate Change in Panaji -------------- 4 3. Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Inventory for Panaji City --------------------------------------- 6 3.1. Green House Gas (GHG) Inventory Methodology ------------------------------------------ 6 3.2. Community Level Energy Consumption and GHG Emissions ---------------------------- 7 3.2.1. Panaji City Profile -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 3.2.2. City Level Energy Consumption and GHG Emission for Panaji City (2013-14) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 3.2.3. Snapshot of Energy Consumption and Resultant GHG Emissions by Sector ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 3.2.4. Snapshot of Energy Consumption and Resultant GHG Emissions by Energy Source ----------------------------------------------------------- 9 3.2.5. Sectoral Electricity Consumption and Resultant Indirect GHG Emissions --------------------------------------------------------------- 10 3.2.6. Stationary Fuel Consumption and Resultant Direct GHG Emissions -------------------------------------------------------------------11 3.2.7. Fuel Consumption in Transport Sector and Resultant Direct GHG Emissions--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 3.2.8. GHG Emissions from Solid Waste Treatment and Disposal ------------------ 13 3.2.9. Projected Energy Consumption and GHG Emission in 2019-20 ------------- 13 4. Low-Emission Development Strategies for Panaji City ----------------------------- 15 4.1. Community------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 4.1.1. Residential Sector------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15 4.1.2. Commercial/Institutional Sector ------------------------------------------------------ 24 4.1.3. Transportation Sector ------------------------------------------------------------------- 31 4.1.4. Solid Waste -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 36 4.2. Municipal Services and Facilities -------------------------------------------------------------- 42 4.2.1. Water Supply ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 42 4.2.2. Sewerage ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 47 4.2.3. Street Lighting----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 52 4.2.4. Municipal Buildings and properties -------------------------------------------------- 56 4.3. Cumulative GHG emission reduction from proposed priority actions ----------------- 57 3 1. Introduction Given Panaji’s coastal and ecologically sensitive location, the city has shown leadership by undertaking initiatives to addressing its vulnerability to climate change and improving resilience of infrastructure assets and the services (as outlined in the section 2). It is imperative that Panaji actively plans for and undertakes actions to address its growing energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. ICLEI South Asia, with financial assistance from the European Commission and in partnership with UN-HABITAT, is supporting the Corporation of The City of Panaji (CCP) in implementing the project - Promoting Low Emission Urban Development Strategies in Emerging Economy Countries (Urban-LEDS). This project is being implemented in four emerging economy countries India, Indonesia, Brazil and South Africa in over 25 plus cities. Two model cities and six satellite cities are part of this programme in India. The GreenClimateCities process guides the Urban-LEDS project cities in planning for Low Emission Development (LED) by focusing on institutional requirements, assessment of existing energy demand, developing scenarios for future energy demand in different sectors, developing a Green House Gas (GHG) emissions inventory leading to identification of priority sectors and subsequently planning for Low Carbon Development. Under the Urban-LEDS project, ICLEI South Asia is also supporting CCP in technical and financial feasibility assessments and tender documentation for energy efficient street-lighting infrastructure and energy efficiency improvements for the municipal market in Panaji. Panaji is a unique city where a large proportion of the energy demand is a result of the large floating/tourist population. Taking this into consideration, the average per capita GHG emission for the year 2013-14 for the CCP area is 3.04 tonnes of CO2e, which is understandably higher than the national average of 1.43 tonnes of CO2e tonnes per capita per annum. The analysis of the inventory indicates that Panaji should focus on reducing GHG emissions from on-road transportation, residential, commercial and waste sectors either through energy efficiency improvements, adoption of cleaner/renewable energy, decentralized sustainable solutions and other low emission development planning approaches. The Low Emission Development Strategies recommended in this document for Panaji city will contribute to India’s Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) submitted to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in October, 2015 which targets a reduction in the emissions intensity of GDP by 33 to 35 percent by 2030 from 2005 level. The strategies have been recommended based on the local priorities and plans and will inform the proposals being developed for Panaji under the Government of India’s Smart Cities Mission. 2. Past and Ongoing Initiatives to Address Climate Change in Panaji A fast-growing energy demand, climate uncertainty, scarce resources and dependence on imported energy are just some of the challenges and opportunities that call for decisive action and innovation. Panaji is at the forefront among Indian cities for transformation towards a sustainable, low carbon and climate resilient future. 4 Corporation of The City of Panaji (CCP) has undertaken a number of initiatives towards renewable energy, energy efficiency, sustainable transport, solid waste management, low emission development and climate resilience over the past few years. This project is being implemented in 4 emerging economy countries including Brazil, South Africa, Indian and Indonesia, covering over 25+ cities. Select cities from Europe support the project cities in identifying and implementing Low Emission Development initiatives in cities. Figure 1: Past and Ongoing Initiatives on Climate Change in Panaji Development of Solar City • Panaji was recognized by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India as a Solar City in the year 2008 • The target for CCP considered as a reduction of 10% of the total energy demand which turns out to be equal to 45 Million Units of electricity. Comprehensive Mobility Plan (CMP) • The city of Panaji has been selected as one of the 63 cities in India which will receive funds under the JnNURM scheme of the Central Government. The Comprehensive Mobility Plan under the JnNURM needs to be in compliance with the National Urban Transport Policy (NUTP). Smart Cities Mission • Panaji has been short-listed to be developed as a Smart City by the Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India’s flagship Smart City mission in August 2015. Swachh Bharat Mission • Launched in December, 2014. The programme includes elimination of open defecation, conversion of unsanitary toilets to pour flush toilets, eradication of manual scavenging, municipal solid waste management and bringing about a behavioural change in people regarding healthy sanitation practices. Urban Low Emission Development Strategies (Urban-LEDS) • Panaji is one of 8 Indian cities