From Diogenes to Appiah, Ovid to Shakespeare, from Jacobean to Edwardian England, from gender approaches to revising theories of identity: The Bachelor’s and Master’s theses collected in this volume are concerned with changes in various forms. Some chart the transmutation of a literary idea or motif into a different time or genre, others transfer concepts to new surroundings and test their Frauke Reitemeier (ed.) uses. The papers are not restricted to literary topics but cover a broad range of cultural products and contexts, and they are often complementary: While Kirstin Runge charts the transformation of the Adonis story from Ovid to Shakespeare, discussing the functions of the poem for Shakespeare’s Transfers and Transmutations reputation, Anika Droste looks at the practices and representations of violence in Elizabethan and Jacobean England, noting how various Shakespearean plays depict an unstable society by picking up public concerns common to the time. In similar ways, von Blanckenburg’s and Glowsky’s Göttinger Schriften zur Englischen Philologie contributions look at nineteenth-century literature, while Schlink and Helm consider various cultural theories in a very modern context. Together, these papers present change from diverse perspectives, Band 10 political as well as cultural, textual as well as theoretical, and provide the reader with a new insight into literary concepts and ideas throughout the centuries. 2015 Frauke Reitemeier (ed.) Transfers and Transmutations ISBN: 978-3-86395-244-0 ISSN: 1868-3878 Universitätsdrucke Göttingen Universitätsdrucke Göttingen Frauke Reitemeier (ed.) Transfers and Transmutations Dieses Werk ist lizenziert unter einer Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International Lizenz. erschienen als Band 10 in der Reihe „Göttinger Schriften zur Englischen Philologie“ in den Universitätsdrucken im Universitätsverlag Göttingen 2015 Frauke Reitemeier (ed.) Transfers and Transmutations Göttinger Schriften zur Englischen Philologie, Band 10 Universitätsverlag Göttingen 2015 Bibliographische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliographie; detaillierte bibliographische Daten sind im Internet über <http://dnb.dnb.de> abrufbar. Anschrift der Herausgeberin Dr. Frauke Reitemeier Seminar für Englische Philologie Käte-Hamburger-Weg 3 37073 Göttingen E-Mail: [email protected] Dieses Buch ist auch als freie Onlineversion über die Homepage des Verlags sowie über den Göttinger Universitätskatalog (GUK) bei der Niedersächsischen Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen (http://www.sub.uni-goettingen.de) erreichbar. Es gelten die Lizenzbestimmungen der Onlineversion. Satz und Layout: Frauke Reitemeier, Alina Wirries Umschlaggestaltung: Margo Bargheer © 2015 Universitätsverlag Göttingen http://univerlag.uni-goettingen.de ISBN: 978-3-86395-244-0 ISSN: 1868-3878 Table of Contents Transfers and Transmutations: Introduction (Alina Wirries) ....................................... 9 “Venus and Adonis” by Ovid and Shakespeare (Kirstin Runge) ................................ 13 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 13 2 May the Masses Admire the Ordinary ................................................................... 15 2.1 Education ............................................................................................................ 15 2.2 Sources ................................................................................................................ 16 3 The Dedication .......................................................................................................... 31 3.1 Patronage ............................................................................................................ 33 3.2 Southampton ...................................................................................................... 33 4 The Poem ................................................................................................................... 35 4.1 The Genre: Village vs. Cambridge .................................................................. 37 4.2 Characterizations of Venus and Adonis ........................................................ 46 4.3 Animals................................................................................................................ 52 5 Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 58 Bibliography .................................................................................................................. 59 “Storm Still.” Violence, Power and Justice in Shakespeare (Anika Droste) .............. 63 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 63 The Elizabethan World Picture ................................................................................. 68 Religion ...................................................................................................................... 68 Astrologic Views ...................................................................................................... 72 Politics and Changes ................................................................................................ 75 Queen Elizabeth I .................................................................................................... 79 Violence in the Elizabethan Period ........................................................................... 81 Modes of Violence Infliction ................................................................................. 81 Power and Retributive Justice ................................................................................ 84 Good vs. Evil ............................................................................................................ 86 Aesthetic Appeal Off- and Onstage ...................................................................... 87 Titus Andronicus.............................................................................................................. 92 The Rape of Lavinia as Both Demonstration and Destruction of Power ...... 92 6 Table of Contents Titus, Injustice, and a Traditional Overcome Society ........................................ 96 Aaron – the Remorseless and Othered Subverter of Power ........................... 100 Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 104 Richard III ................................................................................................................. 105 Aestheticism and Appeal of Violence ................................................................. 105 Violence as the Creation of an Other (Good vs. Evil) .................................... 109 Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 112 King Lear ................................................................................................................. 113 Lear and Universal Injustice ................................................................................. 113 The Blinding of Gloucester: Limitless Cruelty Mirroring the Disorder of Things ....................................................................... 118 Goneril’s and Regan’s Violence as Expressions of Atheist Faithlessness .... 124 Edgar, Justified Violence and Poetic Justice ...................................................... 129 Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 131 Final Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 133 Works Cited ................................................................................................................ 136 When Didactic Drama Meets the Comical: Two Views on the Victorian Family (Max von Blanckenburg) ................................. 145 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 145 2 Theoretical Foundations .................................................................................. 147 2.1 New Historicism ............................................................................................ 147 2.2 Gender Theory .............................................................................................. 148 3 And What About the Context? ....................................................................... 149 3.1 Of Roles and Duties – The Victorian Family ........................................... 149 3.2 Censorship of Victorian Drama .................................................................. 154 4 Families and Fallacies ....................................................................................... 155 4.1 Deconstructing the Victorian Mother ....................................................... 156 4.2 Failing Fathers and Missing Husbands ...................................................... 161 4.3 Rebellious Children ....................................................................................... 163 4.4 Undermining Love and Marriage ...............................................................