BIBLIOGRAPHY WESTERN SNOW . CONFERENCE BIBLIOGRAPHY of the WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE Issued January 1974 Phillip E. Farnes (General Chairman) Robert T. Davis (Secretary) Box 691 Room 360 u.s. Courthouse Bozeman, Montana 59715 Spokane, Washington 99201 Editorial Committee Jack N. Washichek, Editor Charles Leaf Robert T. Davis Printed By Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado For Sale by the Western Snow Conference BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE 1933 - 1973 This publication presents a complete summary of the technical papers and discussions that have been published under the auspices of the Western Snow Conference and its pre­ decessor the Western Interstate Snow Survey Conference. It contains 573 items published between 1933 and 1973. The summary for each published article is on a 3 x 5 card and in­ cludes an abstract, listing of authors and major subjects. The Western Interstate Snow Survey Conference was created and organized, to discuss and resolve problems in the field of snow surveying including: procedures, instruments, and the forecasting of streamflow derived from snowmelt. Dr. J. E. Church, Jr., Professor of the Classics, University of Nevada, and Meteorologist, Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station, developed procedures for measuring the depth and the amount of water in a snow sample. Average water content was compared with the runoff for a period of months during the snowmelt season. This work was started in 1909 on Mount Rose, between Reno and Lake Tahoe, Nevada. By 1932 the work had spread to other localities in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, the high mountains of Utah, the Rockies, and the Cascade Mountains of Oregon and Washington. In 1933, Dr. Church; Harlowe M. Stafford, Hydraulic Engineer, Division of Water Resources, State of California; and George D. Clyde, Head Civil Engineering, Utah State University, at Logan, organized a conference of engineers and scientists interested in the problems of snow surveying. This meeting to discuss mutual problems was held at the University of Nevada at Reno, Nevada. The Proceedings of the first Western Interstate Snow Survey Conference was published as a University of Nevada Bulletin. During the fall of 1933 Dr. Church arranged ~ith the American Geophys~cal Union, Section of Hydrology, to hold the Snow Conference meetings with that organization and to have the technical papers included with the Transactions of the AGU. This arrangement continued through 1947 when meetings became so frequent that the Western Snow Conference (name changed in 1943) began to lose its identity. In 1948 conference members voted to hold only one meeting per year, and to publish their own Proceedings. This arrangement has since continued. Technical papers and discussions of the 41 Western Snow Conference meetings have been published in a variety of means and under the auspices of several organizations. The WSC recognized the need to locate, identify, and summarize the technical material developed over the years. This would be a valuable tool for researchers, scientists and others inter­ ested in the theories, procedures, and instruments used in snow survey and water supply forecasting through the many years since its inception. Consequently, the Western Snow Conference prepared and published this bibliography of the technical articles and dis­ cussions published by the Conference. Work on this bibliography was initiated at the 1959 meeting in Reno. The next year Ashton R. Codd was appointed to head the work on this activity. Sample bibliography sheets were printed in the 1965 Proceedings, and the first draft was completed. Codd continued his work and presented a second draft to the Conference in 1968. W. D. Simons was appointed to review and edit the assembled material. A new style format was prepared in 1969 and sub­ sequently adopted. This format contains title, author, standard data for bibliographic citation, and an abstract of less than 150 words for each paper or discussion. Cards in this original issuance are printed on sheets that can be filed in looseleaf notebooks or cut to size for use in a 3 x 5 card file. Abstract cards published in each years Proceedings will provide a means for keeping the Bibliography up to date. In the upper right hand side there are three numbers. The first, a Western Snow Conference number identifies the sequence in which it was presented to the conference. Paper No. 1 is the first paper on the program at the first meeting, No. 2 is the second paper and so on. This is followed by the year in which it was presented. For example, -1- WSC 1-33 identifies the first paper presented to the Conference at the 1933 meeting; WSC 420-64 identifies the four hundred twentieth paper presented to the Conference and it was at the 1964 meeting. The other two numbers; Catalogue No. and CRREL No. refer to the "Bibliography on Snow, Ice and Perma-Frost with Abstracts" prepared by the SIPRE and CRREL projects of the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Snow Ice Permafrost establishment and Cold Regions Research Engineering Laboratory at Hanover, New Hampshire. Many papers presented by Western Snow Conference members have been abstracted by the Library of Congress SIPRE Bibliographic project. Through the generous cooperation of the SIPRE and CRREL organizations permission was granted to the Western Snow Conference to use their abstracts and reference cards. In those cases where these are used, the SIPRE and Library of Congress catalogue numbers are shown in the upper right portion of the bibliography cards. An alphabetical listing of subjects and sub-subjects has been developed from the key words shown on the right hand side of the card. These are also keyed to the WSC Paper Numbers. The subject index was prepared to emphasize snow and snow surveying and therefore is not identical with the Water Resources Thesaurus. A paper may be shown under several topical headings. In some instances, all of the listings are not shown on the cards. Of the over 450 topical headings some of the most popular ones are: Water Supply Forecasting; Statistical Analysis; Snowmelt and Runoff; and Weather Modification. These clearly indicate the topics of most interest to conference members. A summary of the Bibliography: by years; paper numbers; and locations are shown in the following tabulation. JEAR PAPER NOS. PLACE 1933 1-13 Reno, Nevada 1934 14-20 Berkeley, California 1935 -21 Salt Lake City, Utah 1936 22-31 Pasadena, California 1937 32-42 Denver, Colorado 1938 43-61 Davis, California 1939 62-86 Los Angeles, CA & Spokane, WA 1940 87-128 Stanford, California 1941 129-145 Sacramento, California 1942 146-148 Pasadena, California 1943 149-161 Corvallis, Oregon 1944 162-183 Berkeley, California 1945 184-190 Portland, Oregon 1946 191-195 Sacramento, California 1947 196-198 Portland, Oregon 1948 199-214 Reno, Nevada 1949 215-221 Denver, Colorado 1950 222-230 Boulder City, Nevada 1951 231-239 Victoria, British Columbia 1952 240-249 Sacramento, California 1953 250-264 Boise, Idaho 1954 265-278 Salt Lake City, Utah 1955 279-288 Portland, Oregon 1956 289-299 Penticton, British Columbia 1957 300-322 Santa Barbara, California 1958 323-334 Bozeman, Montana 1959 335-346 Reno , Nevada 1960 347-362 Santa Fe, New Mexico 1961 363-378 Spokane, Washington 1962 379-393 Cheyenne, Wyoming 1963 394-414 Yosemite, California 1964 415-426 Nelson, British Columbia 1965 427-443 Colorado Springs, Colorado 1966 444-456 Seattle, Washington 1967 457-474 Boise, Idaho 1968 475-493 Lake Tahoe, Nevada -2- YEAR PAPER NOS. PLACE 1969 494-511 Salt Lake City, Utah 1970 512-527 Victoria, British Columbia 1971 528-543 Billings, Montana 1972 544-560 Phoenix, Arizona 1973 561-573 Grand Junction, Colorado Every effort has been made to make this bibliography as complete and as free from error as possible. It is inevitable that some discrepancies may occur. It would be appreciated if such items be brought to the attention of the Western Snow Conference. PUBLICATION AUTHORIZED BY WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE -3- WESTERN SNOW CONFERENCE BIBLIOGRAPHY SUBJECT INDEX -A- ABLATION Snowpack 143-41, 144-41, 261-53, 495.-69, 496-69, 509-69, 530-71 AERIAL Markers (Snow Cover) 26Q-53, 349-60, 379-62 Observations 379-62 Photography 260-53, 349-60, 408-63, 469-67, 496-69, 488-69 ALBEDO Snow 50Q-69 ANCHOR ICE 219-49 ARTIFICIAL PRECIPITATION (See Weather Modification) AUTOBIOGRAPHY Snow (Church) 221-40 AUTOMATIC DATA PROCESSING Hydrologic Data 492-68, 493-68 Multiple Regression Formula -Development 350-60 -Solution 35Q-60 Snow Survey Data 514-69 Weather Bureau Data 306-57 AVALANCHE Countermeasures 223-50, 402-63 Controls 358-60, 359-60, 431-65 Forecasting 223-50 -4- AVALANCHE Physical Properties 568-73 Research 242-52, 402-63, 423-64, 431-65, 568-73 Rescue 223-50, 298-56 Safety 223-50, 431-65, 502-69, 558-72 Statistical Evaluation 568-73 -B- BASE FLOW 262-53, 263-53, 264-53, 271-54, 290-5u BIBLIOGRAPHY Abstracts 28Q-55 BLOWING SNOW Particle Counter 507-69 Patterns 377-61 -c- CALCIUM CHLORIDE 107-40, 118-40, 230-50 CANOPY COVER Measurement 286-55, 337-59 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS Snow 346-59 -5- CLIMATOLOGY Climatic Cycles 124-40, 387-62 Limiting Factors 573-73 Statistical Analysis 366-61 CLOCKS Recording New Escapements 134-41 CLOUDS Icing Properties 318-57, 319-57 Cloud Seeding (See Weather Modification) COMPUTERS Operation and Procedures 35o-6o, 351-60, 503-69 (See Automatic Data Processing) CONDENSATION On Snowpaek 344-59, 501-69, 531-71 COOPERATIVE SNOW INVESTIGATIONS 6-33, 199-48, 203-48, 205-48, 207-48, 209-48, 214-48, 218-49 CRYSTALS Snow 87-40 CYCLES Geologie