Nordic Classicism Scandinavian Architecture 1910-1930 JOHN STEWART BLOOMSBURY VISUAL ARTS LONDON • NEW YORK • OXFORD • NEW DELHI • SYDNEY Contents List of Figures vm Acknowledgements xi Introduction 1 1 From National Romanticism to Modernism 3 2 Carl Petersen and the Faaborg Art Museum 21 3 Ivar Tengbom and the Swedish Match Company Headquarters 33 4 Gunnar Asplund and Stockholm City Library 47 5 JS Siren and the Finnish Parliament House 63 6 Hack Kampmann and the Copenhagen Police Headquarters 11 7 Sigurd Lewerentz and the Chapel of the Resurrection 93 8 Oiva Kallio and the Villa Oivala 105 9 Alvar Aalto and the Jyvaskyla Workers Club 117 10 Edvard Thomsen and the 0regard Gymnasium 129 11 Martti Valikangas and the Puu Kapyla Garden Town 141 12 The Woodland Cemetery and the Woodland Chapel 153 Epilogue 167 Notes 175 Bibliography 183 Index 186 List of Figures 1 Villa Hvittrask, Helsinki, Credit - Addison Godel 5 - Stewart 8 2 Vor Frue Kirk in Copenhagen by CF Hansen, Credit John - John Stewart 11 3 The Enskilda Bank Headquarters in Stockholm by IvarTengbom, Credit 4 Stockholm Concert Hall by IvarTengbom, Credit - John Stewart 15 5 Carl Petersen, Credit -The Royal Danish Library 22 6 Faaborg Museum Plan, Credit-John Stewart 26 7 Faaborg Museum Section, Credit - John Stewart 26 8 Faaborg Museum Entrance, Credit - martin8th/Flickr 27 9 Faaborg Gallery, Credit - martin8th/Flickr 28 10 Mads Rasmussen, Credit - martin8th/Flickr 29 11 IvarTengbom, Credit-ARKDES 33 12 Tandstickspalatset Plan, Credit-John Stewart 39 13 Tandstickspalatset Section, Credit - John Stewart 40 14 Tandstickspalatset Entrance, Credit - John Stewart 41 15 Tandstickspalatset Portico, Credit - John Stewart 42 16 Tandstickspalatset Courtyard, Credit - John Stewart 43 17 Tandstickspalatset Boardroom, Credit - John Stewart 44 18 Gunnar Asplund, Credit-ArkDes 48 19 Stockholm City Library Plan, Credit - John Stewart 55 20 Stockholm City Library Section, Credit - John Stewart 56 21 Stockholm City Library from Park, Credit - John Stewart 57 22 Stockholm City Library Entrance, Credit - John Stewart 58 23 Stockholm City Library Staircase, Credit - John Stewart 59 24 Stockholm City Library Lending Room, Credit - John Stewart 60 25 Johan Sigfrid Siren, Credit - Museum of Finnish Architecture 64 26 Finnish Parliament House Plan, Credit - John Stewart 71 27 Finnish Parliament House Section, Credit - John Stewart 71 28 Finnish Parliament House Colonnade, Credit - Mark Goodwin/Parliament of Finland 72 29 Finnish Parliament House Hall of State, Credit - Mark Goodwin/Parliament of Finland 74 LIST OF FIGURES ix 30 Finnish Parliament House Assembly Chamber, Credit - Mark Goodwin/Parliament of Finland 75 31 Hack Kampmann, Credit-The Royal Danish Library 78 32 Copenhagen Police Headquarters Plan, Credit-John Stewart 84 33 Copenhagen Police Headquarters Section, Credit - John Stewart 85 34 Copenhagen Police Headquarters Entrance Elevation, Credit - Martin8th/Flickr 86 35 Copenhagen Police Headquarters Circular Court, Credit-Astrid Rasmussen 87 36 Copenhagen Police Headquarters Memorial Court, Credit-Astrid Rasmussen 88 37 Copenhagen Police Headquarters Staircase, Credit - Astrid Rasmussen 89 38 Sigurd Lewerentz, Credit -ARKDES 94 39 Chapel of the Resurrection Plan, Credit - John Stewart 100 40 Chapel of the Resurrection Section, Credit - John Stewart 101 41 Chapel of the Resurrection Entrance Portico, Credit - John Stewart 101 42 Chapel of the Resurrection Interior, Credit-Addison Godel 102 43 Chapel of the Resurrection West Elevation, Credit - John Stewart 103 44 Oiva Kallio, Credit - Museum of Finnish Architecture 106 45 Villa Oivala Plan, Credit - John Stewart 111 46 Villa Oivala Section, Credit - John Stewart 112 47 Villa Oivala Entrance, Credit - Martino De Rossi/Collaboratorio 112 48 Villa Oivala Courtyard, Credit - Martino De Rossi/Collaboratorio 113 49 Villa Oivala Lake Elevation, Credit - Arkkitehtitoimisto Livady 114 50 Alvar Aalto, Credit - Museum of Finnish Architecture 118 51 Jyvaskyla Workers Club Plan, Credit - John Stewart 124 52 Jyvaskyla Workers Club Elevation, Credit - John Stewart 124 53 Jyvaskyla Workers Club Plan, Credit - Stephane Auger 125 54 Jyvaskyla Workers Club First-floor Lobby, Credit - Josep Maria Torra 126 55 Jyvaskyla Workers Club Main Entrance, Credit - John Stewart 128 56 Edvard Thomsen, Credit - Danish National Art Library 130 57 0reg§rd School Plan, Credit - John Stewart 134 58 Oregcird School Section, Credit-John Stewart 134 59 0reg§rd School Atrium, Credit - Jens Kristian Seier 137 60 0reg3rd School Entrance Elevation, Credit-Anja Wolf 138 61 0reg§rd School Entrance Elevation Detail, Credit-Anja Wolf 139 62 Martti Valikangas, Credit - Museum of Finnish Architecture 142 63 Typical Puu Kapyla House Plan, Credit - John Stewart 145 - Stewart 146 64 Typical Puu Kapyla House Section and Elevation, Credit John X LIST OF FIGURES 65 Typical Puu Kapyla Street, Credit - John Stewart 148 66 Typical Puu Kapyla House, Credit - John Stewart 149 67 Typical Puu Kapyla House Detail, Credit-John Stewart 151 68 Woodland Cemetery Plan, Credit - John Stewart 153 69 The Way of the Cross, Credit - John Stewart 160 70 Woodland Chapel Plan, Credit - John Stewart 161 71 Woodland Chapel Section, Credit - John Stewart 161 72 Woodland Chapel through the Trees, Credit - John Stewart 163 73 Woodland Chapel Portico, Credit - John Stewart 164 74 Woodland Chapel Interior, Credit- ARKDES 165 75 Kunstmuseum Helsinki, Credit - John Stewart 169.